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Neurological Disease

QuestionAnswer
Huntington's Cause Inherited disorder, dominant, found on the 4th chromosome, CAG repeat causes overproduction of a protein that builds up until it becomes toxic
Huntington's Effects Protein build up kills cells in basal ganglia, affecting thinking, emotion and movement - striking at age 30-50 and then worsening
Parkinson's Cause Neurons in substantia nigra die and cannot produce dopamine or norepinepherine. This may be inherited or caused by toxins or stress (or some combination of factors).
Parkinson's Effects Lack of dopamine reduces signals between the substantia nigra and corpus striatum (preventing smooth, purposeful movement)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's) Cause Cause is unknown - partly genetic - motor neurons deteriorate and muscles (voluntary and involuntary) waste away
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's) Effect Person becomes weaker and weaker as muscles waste away and limbs shrink. Voluntary movement becomes more difficult and eventually involuntary movement too.
Alzheimer's Cause Possibly linked to lack of acetycholine, cause largely unknown, age worsens, somewhat genetic, brain cells deteriorate and brain shrinks
Alzheimer's Effect Memory, thinking, language and reasoning deteriorate as a result of nerve cell death and tissue loss - the brain literally shrinks and function decline
Multiple Sclerosis Casue The immune system attacks the myelin sheath of the nerves in the CNS, laving scar tissue (plaque).
Multiple Sclerosis Effect Nerves do not conduct well, leading to numbness, difficulty walking, weakness, and worsening over time.
Epilepsy Cause Cause unknown, may be low 0, at birth, head trauma, infection - resulting high level of excitatory neurotransmitters leads to uncontrolled neural firing
Epilepsy Effect Sudden bursts of uncontrollable neural firing lead to uncontrolled muscle movements, falls, distorted vision - affects function of whole brain.
Created by: ashleylt
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