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Famous Scientists
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Albert Einstein | German physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed. |
| Isaac Newton | English mathematician and scientist- invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. |
| Marie Curie | Notable female Polish/French chemist and physicist around the turn of the 20th century. Won two nobel prizes. Did pioneering work in radioactivity. |
| Galileo Galilei | Italian scientist, astronomer, discovered that Jupiter has four moons and the sun has dark spots. Church did not like ideas. |
| Niels Bohr | The first to discover that electrons travel in separate orbits around the nucleus and that the number of electrons in the outer orbit determines the properties of an element. The chemical element bohrium (Bh), No. 107 on the periodic table of elements, is |
| Max Planck | German physicist whose explanation of blackbody radiation in the context of quantized energy emissions initiated quantum theory (1858-1947) |
| Antoine van Leeuwenhoek | Made a simple microscope with a tiny glass bead that could magnify up to 270x |
| Barbara McClintock | Discovered the ability of genes to change positions on the chromosome |
| Stephen Hawking | An author/scientist stricken with Lou Gehrig's disease whose research indicates that black holes can lose mass over time, wrote A Brief History of Time. |
| Micheal Faraday | Discovered electromagnetic induction and put together a rustic generator. Laid the foundation for electricity. Efficient generators weren't built for lots more years though. |
| Carl Linnaeus | "Father of Taxonomy"; established his classification of living things; famous for animal naming system of binomial nomenclature. |
| George Washington Carver | African American farmer and food scientist. His research improved farming in the South by developing new products using peanuts. |
| Richard Feynman | He developed a mathematical formalism called the path integral formulation of quantum theory that utilized the "sum over histories," taking into account all possible paths a particle could take. This constituted the creation of quantum electrodynamics and |
| William Thomson | Known as Lord Kelvin, was one of the most eminent scientists of the nineteenth century and is best known today for inventing the international system of absolute temperature that bears his name. |
| Thomas Edison | American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures. |
| Leornardo Da Vinci | Renaissance Artists of Mona Lisa & The Last Supper; known as renaissance man-studied corpses, flying machines, human body |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Invented the telephone |
| Linus Pauling | He is the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, studied and published papers on the effects of certain blood cell abnormalities, the relationship between molecular abnormality and heredity, the possible chemical basis of mental retardation, |
| James Clerk Maxwell | Demonstrated that light consists of two transverse waves oscillating at right angles to each other |
| Antoine Lavoisier | French chemist known as "the father of modern chemistry", mainly discovered the role of oxygen in combustion and respiration, proved the law of conservation, reformed the chemical nomenclature, and named hydrogen. |
| Louis Pasteur | A French chemist, this man discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer. |
| Blaise Pascal | He was a mathematician who developed the "Pascaline." This was the first mechanical adding machine. The Pascaline was a wooden box that could add and subtract by using a series of gears and wheels. |
| Alexander Flemming | Discovered penicillin. This discovery led to the introduction of antibiotics that greatly reduced the number of deaths from infection. |
| Robert Boyle | Irish chemist who established that air has weight and whose definitions of chemical elements and chemical reactions helped to dissociate chemistry from alchemy (1627-1691) |
| Robert Hooke | First to observe "small chambers" in cork and call them cells. |
| J. J. Thomson | 1897 used cathode ray and positively charged plates to discover electrons (thought electrons were "stuck" in uniform, positively charged matter to form an atom). |
| Alfred Russel Wallace | British naturalist who developed a hypothesis of natural selection similar to Darwin's. |
| Heinrich Hertz | Demonstrated the existence of radio waves in 1885, setting the stage for the development of modern wireless communications. The measurement unit of electromagnetic frequencies was named for him. |
| Alfred Nobel | He lay the foundation for in 1895 when he wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the prize, created dynamite and was so disgusted at its use in war that established the Nobel Prize to leave a better legacy. |
| Mary Anning | amateur fossil collector who pioneered the discovery of time with her collection; very important in the field of geology. her contributions were slighted and her work was not respected because she was a woman. she discovered the first complete skeleton of |
| John Dalton | English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures. |
| Charles Darwin | English naturalist. He studied the plants and animals of South America and the Pacific islands, and in his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) set forth his theory of evolution. |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | A Polish astronomer who proved that the Ptolemaic system was inaccurate, he proposed the theory that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system. |
| Johannes Kepler | Assistant to Brahe; used Brahe's data to prove that the earth moved in an elliptical, not circular, orbit; Wrote 3 laws of planetary motion based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of planets in a sun-centered universe; Demolis |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | Russian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements (1834-1907) |
| C. V. Raman | Discovered that light can donate a small amount of energy to a molecule, changing the light's color and causing the molecule to vibrate. The color change acts as a 'fingerprint' for the molecule that can be used to identify molecules and detect diseases s |
| Ptomely | Astronomer who theorize that the Earth was the center of the universe |
| Wilhelm Rontgen | Discovered the existence of X-rays |
| Archimedes | Greek mathematician and inventor. He wrote works on plane and solid geometry, arithmetic, and mechanics. He is best known for the lever and pulley. |
| Rachel Carson | One of the first people to realize the global dangers of pesticide abuse (DDT). Wrote Silent Spring. |
| Nikola Tesla | Serbian American inventor and engineer who discovered and patented the rotating magnetic field, the basis of most alternating-current machinery. |
| James D. Watson | He co-discovered DNA's double helix, revealing the code of life to scientists and entrepreneurs alike. |
| Rosalind Franklin | Woman who generated x-ray images of DNA, she povided Watson and Crick with key data about DNA. |
| Ada Lovelace | She is considered to be the first computer programmer. She wrote a computer language for the Analytical Engine. |
| Francis Crick | English biochemist who (with Watson in 1953) helped discover the helical structure of DNA (born in 1916). |
| Ernest Rutherford | 1909-solar system model of the atom, gold foil experiment- fired negative ions at thin sheet of gold foil, discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom . |
| Alessandro Volta | Invented the battery |
| Gregor Mendel | Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884). |
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