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Medical Terminology
Medical Terminology for Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| myel(o) | spinal cord |
| my(o) | muscle |
| oste(o) | bone |
| neur(o) | nerve |
| arthr(o) | joint |
| cyan(o) | blue |
| cyanosis | blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood |
| erythr(o) | red |
| erythrocyte | mature red blood cell |
| leuk(o) | white |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| melan(o) | black |
| melanosis | any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs |
| poli(o) | grey |
| poliomyelitis | viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and small intestine |
| gastr | stomach |
| enter | small intestine |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhaphy | surgical suturing |
| neuroplasty | surgical repair of a nerve |
| neurorrhaphy | suturing together the ends of a severed nerve |
| tonsill | tonsils |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| tonsillectomy | surgical removal of the tonsils |
| cranium | portion of the skull that encloses the brain |
| cardi | heart |
| cardiac | pertaining to the heart |
| -ac | pertaining to |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -an | pertaining to |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| -ical | pertaining to |
| -ial | pertaining to |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -ior | pertaining to |
| -ine | pertaining to |
| -tic | pertaining to |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| -ory | pertaining to |
| -ia | abnormal condition |
| -esis | abnormal condition |
| -ago | abnormal condition |
| -ism | abnormal condition |
| -ion | abnormal condition |
| -iasis | abnormal condition |
| gastrosis | any disease of the stomach |
| pathology | study of all aspects of diseases |
| path | disease |
| -ology | study of |
| -algia | pain and suffering |
| gastralgia | pain in the stomach(stomachache) |
| -dynia | pain |
| gastrodynia | pain in the stomach |
| -itis | inflammation |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| hepat(o) | liver |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| arteriomalacia | abnormal softening of the walls of an artery or arteries |
| arteri(o) | artery |
| necrosis | tissue death |
| arterionecrosis | tissue death of an artery or arteries |
| stenosis | abnormal narrowing |
| -sclerosis | abnormal hardening |
| arteriosclerosis | abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries |
| arteriostenosis | abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries |
| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid |
| -graphy | process of producing a picture or record |
| angiography | process of producing a radiographic (xray) study of blood vessels after the injection of a contrast to make these blood vessels visible |
| abdomniocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid |
| -gram | picture or record |
| angi(o) | blood vessel |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| myoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of the internal structure of a joint |
| -rhage | bleeding |
| -rrhagia | bleeding |
| hemorrhage | loss of a large amount of blood in a short time |
| -rrhaphy | surgical suturing to close a wound |
| myorrhaphy | surgical suturing of a muscle wound |
| -rrhea | flow or discharge |
| diarrhea | frequent flow of loose or watery stools |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| myorrhexis | rupture of a muscle |
| natal | pertaining to birth |
| prenatal | time and events before birth |
| perinatal | time and events surrounding birth |
| postnatal | time and events after birth |
| laryng | larynx or throat |
| rhin(o) | nose |
| ot(o) | ear |
| ab | away from |
| dys | bad, difficult, or painful |
| hyper | excessive or increased |
| abnormal | not normal or away from normal |
| dysfunctional | organ or body part that is not working properly |
| hypertension | higher than normal blood pressure |
| inter | between or among |
| interstitial | between, but not within, the parts of a tissue |
| sub | under, less, or below |
| subcostal | below a rib or ribs |
| ad | toward or in the direction of |
| addiction | being drawn toward or having a strong dependence on a drug or substance |
| eu | good, normal, well, or easy |
| eupnea | easy or normal breathing |
| hypo | deficient or decreased |
| hypotension | lower than normal blood pressure |
| intra | within or inside |
| intramuscular | within the muscle |
| super, supra | above or excessive |
| supracostal | above or outside the ribs |
| otorhinolaryngology | study of the ears, nose, and throat |
| otolaryngology | study of the ears and larynx |
| lithotomy | surgical incision for the removal of a stone |
| edema | swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| endarterial | pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery |
| ather(o) | plaque or fatty substance |
| atheroma | fatty deposit within the wall of an artery |
| arthralgia | pain in a joint or joints |
| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
| -ostomy | surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface |
| colostomy | surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface |
| -otomy | cutting or a surgical incision |
| colotomy | surgical incision into the colon |
| sign | objective evidence of disease |
| diagnosis | identification of a disease |
| acute | a condition with rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration |
| disease | a condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally |
| symptom | subjective evidence of a disease |
| differential diagnosis | also known as rule out, is an attempt to determine whic hone of several possible diseases is causing the signs and symptoms that are present |
| chronic | a condition of long duration |
| eponym | disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first |
| syndrome | set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process |
| prognosis | prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease |
| remission | the temporary, partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure |
| acronym | word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term |
| fissure | groove or crack-like sore of the skin |
| fistula | abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body |
| ileum | last and longest portion of the small intestine |
| ilium | part of the hip bown |
| infection | invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism |
| malaise | feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease |
| exudate | fluid that leaks out of an infected wound |
| inflammation | localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues. key indicators are erythema (redness), hyperthermia (heat), edema (swelling) and pain |
| laceration | torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut |
| lesion | pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury |
| mucous | specialized membranes that line the body cavities |
| mucus | name of the fluid secreted by mucous membranes |
| myc(o) | fungus |
| mycosis | any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus |
| myelopathy | any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord |
| myopathy | any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue |
| -ologist | specialist |
| dermatologist | physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin |
| neonatology | study of disorders of the newborn |
| palpation | examination technique in which the examiners hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts |
| palpitation | pounding or racing heart |
| pyel(o) | renal pelvis |
| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| py(o) | pus |
| pyoderma | any acute, inflammatory, pus forming bacterial skin infection |
| pyr(o) | fever or fire |
| pyrosis | discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus aka heartburn |
| supination | act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward |
| suppuration | formation of discharge of pus |
| triage | medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment |
| trauma | wound or injury |
| viral | pertaining to a virus |
| virile | having the nature, properties, or qualities of an adult male |
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