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COUN 2650 Week 1
Professional History Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What distinguishes the counseling profession? | Counseling is: -deals with wellness, growth, career, education, empowerment concerns. - is diverse and multicultural -a dynamic process -is conducted individually, with groups, or families |
| What is the definition of Counseling? | Counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals. (counseling.org) |
| Frank Parsons | -Called the Founder of Guidance -Focused his work on growth and prevention. |
| Jesse Davis | -First person to set up a systemized guidance program in the public school. |
| Clifford Beers | -wrote the book, A Mind That Found Itself (1908) -Used this book as a platform to advocate for better mental health facilities and reform in treatment of people with mental illnesses. -He made friends with and solicitated funds from Rockerfeller & Ford |
| National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA) | Founded in 1913, it was a forerunner of the American Counseling Association. -it established and association of offering guidance literature and united those with an interest in vocational counseling. |
| Smith Hughes Act of 1917 | This legislation provided funding for public schools to support vocational education. |
| World War I | -During this war, counseling became more widely recognized because of military applications. |
| Army Alpha, Army Beta | An army commissioned psychological instrument, a kind of psychometric. |
| Education Certification Standards (1920's) | The first standards for the preparation and evaluation of occupational materials. |
| Abraham and Hannah Stone | This event established the first family and marriage counseling center of New York City |
| The Role of The Great Depression | Greatly influenced researchers and practitioners in universities and vocational settings to emphasize helping strategies and counseling methods that related to employment. |
| E.G. Williamson and the First Theory of Counseling | Giving emphasis on a direct, counselor-centered approach, this pragmatic approach emphasized the counselor's teaching, mentoring, and influencing skills. |
| Edward Thorndike | He began to challenge the vocational orientation of the guidance movement, the beginnings of the broadening of counseling beyond occupational concerns. |
| John Brewer | He published a book called Education as Guidance in the year 1932. -He proposed all teachers be a counselor and that guidance be included in school curriculum. |
| Broadening of the Focus of Counseling | A movement developed during the 1920's |
| The George Dean Act and the U.S Employment Service | US became involved in guidance and counseling and this person passed the Vocational Guidance Service. Through this, the U.S Employment Service was established. |
| Carl Rodgers | Published Counseling and Psychology. This book challenged the counselor-centered approach and tenets of Freudian Psychology. |
| The Influence of WWII | The war brought about new vocations for men and women. the government needed counselors and psychologists to help select and train specialists for the military. |
| The George Borden Act | The US provided vocational education funds in 1946 through this act. |
| Role of the VA | In 1946 after the George Borden Act, funded the training of counselors and psychologists by granting stipends and paid internships for students engaged in graduate study. |
| APGA | The American Personnel and Guidance Association grew out of the CGPA and was concerned with educational and vocational guidance. |
| ASCA | The American School Counseling Association was chartered in 1953 and joined the APGA which strengthened the association. |
| Division 17 | Also known as the Division of Counseling Psychology, it was influenced in its approach by both vocational and humanistic psychotherapy. |
| NDEA | The National Defense Education Act, it established counseling and guidance institutes and offered funds and stipends through Title V-B. |
| Gilbert Wren | Wrote the book The Counselor in a Changing World (1962). This book reinforced professionals such as Leona Tyler and David Blocher. Along with Tyler, Wren became one of the strongest voices for counseling. |
| New Theories Emerge (1950's) | Before 1950, four theories influenced the work of counselors. new emerging theories included: applied behavioral theories and cognitive theories. |
| From a Developmental Focus to New Emergent Theories | "The cornucopia of competing counseling methodologies presented to counselors reached an all time high in the late 1960's." - Aubrey What is trend in counseling is this event describing? |
| Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 | This act authorized the establishment of community mental health centers in 1963. |
| Diversification in Counseling Settings | New federal legislation, and specifically Title-X of the Education Amendment along with affirmative action created more specialized training to be offered in counselor education programs. This also created new development and concepts in counseling. |
| Helping Skills Program | In the 1970s these programs concentrated taught basic counseling skills to professionals and nonprofessionals alike. The emphasis was humanistic and eclectic. |
| State Licensure and APGA | It was not until 2010 that California legis. passed a professional counselor licensure law. During the 1970's the state board of examiners for psychologists became restrictive creating a stronger APGA organization as its image and function was altered. |
| Standardized Training and Certification | CACREP and NBCC and NACCMHC continue to define the training standards and certify counselors in mental health counseling. |
| Counseling as a Distinct Profession | Counseling evolved into the late 1900's as a distinct helping profession that came as a result of outside world order forces and APGA later named AACD. . |
| Diversification in Counseling | During the 1980's. counselors became diversified. Working away from schools and growing in the mental health field and community counselors became the two largest blocks of professionals. |
| Emphasis on Human Growth Development | In the 1980's counseling took different forms, specifically across the life span development. Strong contributors included Erick Erickson, and the formation of AAD (the Association for Adult Aging and Development.) |
| 21st Century Trends | New pressing topics include violence, trauma, crises, managed care, wellness, social justice, technology, leadership, and identity. |
| Trauma | -a normal response to an abnormal event. Some signs of trauma induced stress include sleep disturbance, emotional instability, impaired concentration, and an inability to perform routine and regular tasks. |
| Managed Care | is the care between a mental health professional and a third party and involves a contractual agreement. |
| Promoting Wellness | A model of promoting wellness by Meyers includes spirituality, self-direction, work and leisure, and friendship. |
| Social Justice and Advocacy | Social justice helps counselors become more attuned to social injustices and thus work with clients in a more sensitive and just manner. |
| Technology | A new and recent reality is technology having a profound impact on almost every aspect of life such as education, business, science, religion, agriculture, and medicine. |
| Leadership | Counselors are challenged in agencies and schools to move beyond clinical supervision and into a managerial role, though the skills for this are not always found in counseling programs. |
| Identity | Counseling as a profession currently has grown stronger, and no longer relies on numerous adjectives to define it. |
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