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Unit 5

7.5AB, 7.7A Photosynthesis, Energy Flow, & Transformations

TermDefinition
RADIANT ENERGY Energy from the sun that reaches earth as visible light, & ultraviolet/infrared (heat) radiation.
CHEMICAL ENERGY Energy stored in chemical bonds & released through chemical reactions.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chemical reaction in which plants convert Sun's radiant energy into chemical energy; converts carbon dioxide & water into glucose & oxygen; photo=light.
CHEMICAL REACTION Process by which 2 or more chemical substances interact & are chemically changed, producing different chemical substances.
REACTANTS Substance that takes part in & undergoes change during a reaction.
PRODUCTS Substance produced during a chemical reaction.
GLUCOSE Simple carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis; used to store energy & build structural molecules.
FOOD CHAIN Energy path from 1 organism to another showing a linked series; feeds on the 1 next to it in the series.
FOOD WEB Overlapping food chains with different pathways for the flow of food energy in an ecosystem.
OMNIVORE Kind of animal that eats both animals & plants; some will hunt & eat their food, others are scavengers & will eat dead matter; "OMNI-" = ALL.
PRODUCER Organisms that transform energy from the Sun & use carbon dioxide & water to make food.
CONSUMER Organisms that feed on other organisms in a food chain.
HERBIVORE Animals that only eat plants or plant products; "HERB-" = PLANT.
CARNIVORE Animals that eat other animals; "CARN-" = MEAT.
PRIMARY CONSUMERS Organisms that get their energy by feeding on producers in the food chain.
SECONDARY CONSUMERS Organisms that get their energy by feeding on primary consumers (herbivores) in the food chain.
TERTIARY CONSUMERS Organisms that get their energy by eating secondary consumers.
DECOMPOSERS Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down the remains of dead plants & animals, without need for internal digestion.
TROPHIC LEVEL Any class of organisms occupying the same position in a food chain, such as primary consumers or secondary consumers; "TROPH-" = NOURISH.
ENERGY PYRAMID Shows how much energy transfers to the next trophic level in a food chain.
ATOM Smallest particle of an element; made of electrons, protons, & neutrons.
MOLECULE Simplest unit of a chemical compound that can exist, formed when 2 or more atoms join together chemically.
ECOSYSTEM System comprising all the biotic & abiotic factors in an area & all the interactions among them.
CHLOROPLAST Container in the leaves that is the location of photosynthesis & holds chlorophyll.
CHLOROPHYLL Green pigment (color) inside the leaves that absorbs sunlight.
STOMATA Openings in the leaves controlled by guard cells to allow CO2 in and O2 out.
XYLEM Tubes inside the stem of a plant that carry water from the roots to the leaves.
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION Change of energy from 1 form to another.
DIGESTION Process of breaking down food into component molecules that can be absorbed into the body & used for energy & nutrients.
MECHANICAL ENERGY Sum of the potential & kinetic energy of an object.
THERMAL ENERGY Total kinetic (motion) energy of tiny particles that make up matter - the faster the particles move, the warmer the matter becomes.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Process by which cells use oxygen to produce ATP energy from glucose.
MITOCHONDRIA Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production.
ATP Adenosine Tri-Phosphate is the main energy source that cells use for most of their work.
Created by: trauberk
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