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Science Vocab #2

Classification Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Organism an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
Cell the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body
Unicellular A unicellular organism is made of only one cell
Multicellular an organism composed of many cells, which are to varying degrees integrated and independent.
Metabolism The chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism
Stimulus anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change.
Response An action or movement due to the application of a stimulus.
Development The series of changes which animal and vegetable organisms undergo in their passage from the embryonic state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of organization.
Asexual reproduction generates offspring that are genetically identical to a single parent.
Sexual reproduction the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
Spontaneous generation the idea that living organisms can spring into existence from non-living matter.
Autotroph an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
Heterotroph an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.
Classification a system of categorizing living things
Taxonomy the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms
Binomial nomenclature a system of naming plants and animals in which each species is given a name consisting of two terms of which the first names the genus and the second the species itself.
Genus a class of similar things, especially a group of animals or plants that includes several closely related species.
Species a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.
Prokaryote any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles
Eukaryote organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Nucleus the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes.
Evolution the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection.
Branching tree diagram a set of groups within groups, with the organisms at the bottom having the fewest shared characteristics and the ones at the top having the most.
Shared derived characteristics A shared character is one that two lineages have in common.
Convergent evolution the process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar necessities
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