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Biology Study Guide
Module 14 - Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1a. Botany | The study of plants. |
| 1b. Perennial plants | Plants that grow year after year. |
| 1c. Annual plants | Plants that live for only one year. |
| 1d. Biennial plants | Plants that live for two years. |
| 1e. Vegetative organs | The parts of a plant (such as the stems, roots, and leaves) that are not involved in reproduction. |
| 1f. Reproductive plant organs | The parts of a plant (such as flowers, fruits, and seeds) involved in reproduction. |
| 1g. Undifferentiated cells | Cells that have not specialized in any particular function. |
| 1h. Xylem | Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves. |
| 1i. Phloem | Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant. |
| 1j. Leaf mosaic | The arrangement of leaves on the stem of a plant. |
| 1k. Leaf margin | The characteristics of the leaf edge. |
| 1l. Deciduous plant | A plant that loses its leaves for winter. |
| 1m. Girdling | The process of cutting away a ring of inner and outer bark all the way around a tree trunk. |
| 1n. Alternation of generations | A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form and a multicellular haploid form. |
| 1o. Dominant generation | In alternation of generations, the generation that occupies the largest portion of the life cycle. |
| 1p. Pollen | A fine dust that contains the sperm of seed-producing plants. |
| 1q. Cotyledon | A "seed leaf" which develops as a part of the seed. It provides nutrients to the developing seedling and eventually becomes the first leaf of the plant. |
| 2. If a portion of a plant is producing new cells, what type of plant tissue will be in that region? | Meristematic tissue. |
| 3. What do we call the structure that attaches the blade of the leaf to the stem? | Petiole. |
| 4. Identify the leaf mosaics in pictures a, b, and c. | a. Whorled b. Alternate c. Opposite |
| 5. Determine the shape, margin, and venation of leaves a, b, c, d, e, and f. | a. deltoid, entire, parallel b. elliptical, serrate, pinnate c. lobed, entire, pinnate d. cleft, dentate, palmate e. orbicular, undulate, pinnate f. cordate, entire, pinnate |
| 6. In a leaf, what is the function of the following tissues? a. palisade mesophyll b. spongy mesophyll c. epidermis d. xylem e. phloem f. chollenchyma | a. Maximizes the number of cells in the tissue. b. Intakes air. c. Protects the inner parts of the leaf. d. Carries water and dissolved minerals.. e. Carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant. f. Supports the vein. |
| 7. What controls the opening and closing of the stomata on a leaf? | Guard cells. |
| 8. Why is the bottom of a leaf typically a lighter shade of green than the top of the leaf? | Because on the underside, the chlorophyll-containing cells are not packed as tightly as on the top. |
| 9. Name two types of pigments that cause leaves to be a color other than green. | Carotenoids and anthocyanins. |
| 10. If a tree has no abscission layer, will it be deciduous? | No. |
| 11. Where is the abscission layer? | At the base of each petiole. |
| 12. Name the four regions of a root. Which region contains undifferentiated cells? | The root cap, the meristematic region, the elongation region, and the maturation region. The meristematic region. |
| 13. State which of the stem cross sections on page 462 came from a monocot and which came from a dicot. | a. Dicot. b. Monocot. |
| 14. What allows woody stems to have no limits to their growth, unlike herbaceous stems? | The vascular cambium. |
| 15. What is the function of vascular cambium? | To produce new xylem and phloem inside the stem. |
| 16. If a stem has cork cambium, is it woody of herbaceous? | Woody. |
| 17. What kind of vascular tissue makes up most of the wood in a woody stem? What kind of vascular tissue is found in the inner bark of a woody stem? | Xylem. Phloem. |
| 18. What is the dominant generation in the moss life cycle? Is it haploid or diploid? | Gametophyte. Haploid. |
| 19. A fern has antheridia and archegonia. Which part of the fern life cycle is it in? Is this the dominant generation? | Gametophyte generation. No. |
| 20. Why are plants from phylum Bryophyta relatively small? | Because they do not have vascular tissue. |
| 21. If a 15-foot tall plant has a root system that goes four feet deep, is it a fibrous or taproot sytem? | Fibrous. |
| 22. What are the male and female reproductive organs in a tree from phylum Coniferophyta? | Female is seed cone and male is pollen cone. |
| 23. What is the fundamental difference between monocots and dicots? | Monocots have parallel venation and dicots have netted venation. |
| 24. Name another difference between monocots and dicots. | The structure of seed that is produced. |
| 25. A plant produces seed cones and pollen cones. Is it vascular? To what phylum (of the ones that we discussed) does it belong? | Yes. Coniferophyta. |
| 26. A plant produces flowers. To what phylum does it belong? | Phylum Anthophyta. |
Created by:
LiseBrinkley
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