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Module 80
UNIT 9 Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others. |
| bystander effect | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. |
| social exchange theory | the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. |
| reciprocity norm | an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. |
| social-responsibility norm | an expectation that people will help those needing their help. |
| conflict | a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. |
| social trap | a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. |
| mirror-image perceptions | mutual view often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | a belief that leads to its own fulfillment. |
| superordinate goals | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. |
| GRIT | Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction-a strategy designed to decrease international tensions. |
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