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Muscle Fibers
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Myofibrils
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Muscle Structure
For Quiz Bowl
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Muscle Fibers | The cell of the muscle Compromised by myofibrils |
| Myofibrils | Comprised of sarcomeres Usually 1-2 micrometers in diameter |
| Myofilaments | Comprised of thick and thin filaments Thick (Myosin) Thin (Actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin) |
| Sarcoplasm | Liquid component found inside the muscle fiber Cytoplasm for muscle cell |
| Sacroplasmic Reticulum | Stores calcium for muscle contraction Forms a network of reservoirs for calcium release |
| T-Tubules | Part of the SR that transport calcium throughout muscle fiber Responsible for the storage and release of calcium during contraction and relaxation T- Transverse |
| Fenestrated Collar | Location where the L-Tubules (longitudinal) converge over the H-Zone |
| Terminal Cisternae | Part of the SR, located over the A and I Band juncture |
| Myoneural Juncture | Location where the motor nerve ending terminate on the sarcolemma Site of acetylcholine and cholinesterase release |
| Motor End Plate | Raised mound where the myoneural juncture is located and the motor nerve terminates on the sarcolemma |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell Provides the cell with energy, through the production of ATP |
| Lysosomes | Vesicles in the sarcoplasm that contain enzymes capable of degrading proteins Store proteases- enzymes capable of digesting the cell and its contents known as cathepsins |
| Golgi Complex | Same function as regular cells Package protein and lipids |
| The Sarcomere | The basic contractile unit of a muscle Spans the distance from z-disc to z=disc Contains 1 A-Band and 2 half I-Bands Comprised of thick and thin filaments Avg. resting sarcomere length is 2.5 micrometers Avg. fiber diameter is 10-100 micrometers |
| A-Band | Dark band in the center of the sarcomere Location of myosin Thick filament Length does not change during contraction A: Anisotropic, doubly refractive |
| I-Band | Light band on the ends of a sarcomere Contains actin Thin filaments Length shortens when muscles contract I: Isotropic, singly refractive |
| H Zone | Area in the center of the A Band in which there is no actin overlap Shortens with muscle contraction |
| Pseudo H Zone | Area in the center of the H Zone in which there is no myosin heads Width does not change during muscle contraction |
| Z Disc or Z Line | Line at each ends of the sarcomere at which the actin filaments are anchored by nebulin Comprised of actin, a-actinin, and other proteins |
| Z Disc or Z Line continued | Broken down by enzymes during postmortem aging, contributing in tenderness associated with aged prodcuts Composed of Z filaments Each actin filament is surrounded by four Z filaments |
| M Line | Line that divides the sarcomere into two symmetrical halves The midline of the sarcomere Composed of M Proteins |
| Myofibrillar Proteins Contractile | Actin and Myosin |
| Myofibrillar Proteins Cytoskeletal | Titan, Nebulin, M Protein, C Protein, Desmin, Alpha-Actinin, Beta-Actinin |
| Myofibrillar Proteins Regulatory | Tropomyosin, Troponin (T, I, C) |
| Actin Located: I-band | Composed of g-actin and F-actin Located in the thin filament Binds to the myosin during muscle contraction and slides 20% of myofibrillar proteins 6 actin surround each myosin |
| Myosin Located: A-band | Most abundant protein in meat Heavy meromyosin (HMM): heads Double headed Light meromyosin (LMM): tails 45% of myofibrillar proteins |
| Troponin Located: On the thin filament | 3 types: Troponin, Inhibitory, Calcium Covers the binding site on the actin for myosin heads and binds to the calcium during contraction Located every 7-8 G-F actin 5% of myofibrillar proteins |
| Tropomyosin Located: ON the thin filament | Spans 7 G-actin on the F-actin and is bound to troponin Located along F-actin 5% of myofibrillar |
| Alpha Actinin Located: Z disc | Cementing substance in the Z filament |
| Beta Actinin Located: I band | Regulates the length of the thin filament in each 12 I band |
| Titan Located: Thick Filament | Holds the A and I bands together Located between the A and I band 10% of myofibrillar proteins Runs from the Mline to Z disc Provides scaffold for alignment of filaments |
| Nebulin Located: I band/thin filament | Anchors the thin filament to the Z-disc Located on the entire length of the thin filament 4% of myofibrillar |
| C Protein Located: Thick Filament | 7 rings encircle each half of the thick filament and helps provide stability to the thick filament Located around the thick filament in the A band |
| M Protein Located: M Line | Component of the M-line Stabilizes rod portion of myosin on the thick filament |
| Desmin Located: I band | Anchors the myofibril to the sarcolemma |
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