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A&P 9
Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Which muscles produce movement of the extremities, maintain body posture, and stabilize joints? a. smooth muscles b. muscles that are nonstriated and involuntary c. skeletal muscles d. striated muscles that are involuntary | c. skeletal muscles |
| 2. Which muscle is found in the bronchioles (breathing passages) and the blood vessels? a. skeletal muscle b. muscle that is striated and voluntary c. smooth muscle d. muscle that is striated and involuntary | c. smooth muscle |
| 3. Which structures slide in the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction? a. T tubules and the SR b. actin and myosin c. calcium and ATP d. epimysium and perimysium | b. actin and myosin |
| 4. What is the consequence of recruitment? a. paralysis b. increased force of muscle contraction c. depletion of ACh in the neuromuscular junction d. inability of the muscle to contract | b. increased force of muscle contraction |
| 5. What is the role of the SR in muscle contraction? a. synthesizes actin b. synthesizes myosin c. releases calcium into the sarcomere d. releases ACh into the neuromuscular junction | c. releases calcium into the sarcomere |
| 6. What is the consequence of tetanus? a. muscle twitching b. flaccid paralysis c. sustained muscle contraction d. atrophy | c. sustained muscle contraction |
| 7. What happens when receptor sites on the muscle membrane are damaged so that the transmitter ACh cannot bind properly? a. The muscle hypertrophies. b. Muscle contraction is impaired and the patient experiences muscle weakness. | b. Muscle contraction is impaired and the patient experiences muscle weakness. |
| 8. What event causes the muscle to relax? a. Calcium is pumped back into the SR. b. ATP is pumped into the SR. c. The muscle becomes depleted of actin. d. The muscle becomes depleted of myosin | a. Calcium is pumped back into the SR. |
| 9. What happens when you repetitively and rapidly stimulate a skeletal muscle? a. The muscle delivers a single twitch. b. A flaccid paralysis develops. c. The muscle tetanizes. d. The muscle “freezes” and develops a contracture. | c. The muscle tetanizes. |
| 10. Which of the following terminates the events in the neuromuscular junction? a. Pain b. The receptors are blocked with actin. c. The receptors are blocked with myosin cross-bridges. d. ACh is inactivated." | d. ACh is inactivated. |
| 11. What action is antagonistic to the biceps brachii muscle? a. The brachialis contracts. b. The deltoid contracts. c. The triceps brachii contracts. d. The brachioradialis contracts. | c. The triceps brachii contracts. |
| 12. Which condition is most likely to develop in a person whose leg is in a non–weight-bearing cast for several months? a. disuse muscle atrophy of the affected leg b. hypertrophy of the affected leg | a. disuse muscle atrophy of the affected leg |
| 13. Which of the following is indicated by the terms pectoralis, gluteus, brachii, and lateralis? a. location of a muscle b. shape of a muscle c. size of a muscle d. muscle action | a. location of a muscle |
| 14. Which of the following is indicated by the terms biceps, triceps, and quadriceps? a. numbers of origins of the muscle b. direction of fibers of the muscle c. shape of the muscle d. muscle action | a. numbers of origins of the muscle |
| 15. What is the basis for naming the sternocleidomastoid muscle? a. sites of attachment of the muscle b. shape of the muscle c. size of the muscle d. muscle action | a. sites of attachment of the muscle |
| 16. The hamstrings a. extend the leg at the knee (as in kicking a football). b. are located on the posterior thigh. c. work synergistically with the quadriceps group to adduct the leg. d. flex the thigh at the hip. | b. are located on the posterior thigh. |
| 17. Rigor mortis develops a. only in smooth muscle. b. in response to a depletion of calcium in the sarcomere. c. in response to a buildup of lactic acid and creatine phosphate. d. in response to a deficiency of ATP. | d. in response to a deficiency of ATP. |
| 18. Creatine phosphate a. is an energy source for muscle contraction. b. is a contractile protein. c. forms the cross-bridges between actin and myosin. d. inactivates ACh within the neuromuscular junction. | a. is an energy source for muscle contraction. |
| 19. Which of the following is least descriptive of the deltoid muscle? a. forms shoulder pads b. is a common site of injection of drugs c. elevates the arm to a scarecrow position d. has its origin on the humerus | d. has its origin on the humerus is least descriptive of the deltoid muscle. The deltoid muscle originates from the scapula and clavicle and inserts on the humerus. The other options are all accurate descriptions of the deltoid muscle. |
| 20. Why may the weight of bed linen on a bedridden patient cause a disabling contracture? a. The linen causes a prolonged dorsiflexion. b. The linen adducts the leg. c. The linen forces the foot into a position of plantar flexion. d. The linen is evil | c. The linen forces the foot into a position of plantar flexion. |
| 21. Which condition is most associated with aging? a. conversion of skeletal muscle to smooth muscle b. gradual loss of muscle strength c. an overproduction of myoglobin d. conversion of smooth muscle to aponeurosis | b. gradual loss of muscle strength |
| 22. Which of the following is most related to the role of myoglobin? a. muscle contraction b. synthesis of actin and myosin c. storage of calcium d. carrier of oxygen | d. carrier of oxygen |
| 23. Supinators and pronators a. are types of smooth muscles. b. have their origin on the scapula. c. twist the bones of the forearm. d. flex the fingers. | c. twist the bones of the forearm. |
| 24. Which of the following muscles work synergistically? a. quadriceps femoris and biceps brachii b. brachialis and brachioradialis c. gastrocnemius and rotator cuff muscles d. pectoralis major and gluteus maximus | b. brachialis and brachioradialis |
| 25. A motor unit a. is located within the sarcomeres. b. refers to a motor neuron and the muscle fibers that the neuron supplies. c. is connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers into bundles called fascicles. d. is found only in visceral muscle. | b. refers to a motor neuron and the muscle fibers that the neuron supplies. |
| 26. Which group is incorrect? a. types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, cardiac b. types of striated muscles: skeletal, smooth, cardiac c. muscles involved in breathing: diaphragm, intercostals d. muscles in the upper extremities | b. types of striated muscles: skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| 27. Which group is incorrect? a. contractile proteins: actin, myosin b. types of connective tissues: tendons, perimysium, aponeurosis c. movements: flexion, supination, abduction d. types of involuntary muscles: skeletal, smooth, cardiac | d. types of involuntary muscles: skeletal, smooth, cardiac (skeletal muscles are voluntary) |
| 28. Which group is incorrect? a. muscles in the upper part of the body: deltoid, biceps brachii, hamstrings b. movements: flexion, supination, abduction c. muscles in the lower extremities d. contractile proteins: actin, myosin | a. muscles in the upper part of the body: deltoid, biceps brachii, hamstrings (hamstrings are actually in the posterior thigh, which is part of the lower extremities). |
| 1. When the electrical signal travels along the T tubule and stimulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a. calcium is released, causing cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin. | a. Calcium is released, causing cross-bridge formation between actin and myosin. |
| 2. Which of the following does not occur within the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)? a. ACh is released from the motor nerve terminal. b. ACh diffuses across the junction. c. Actin and myosin “slide.” d. ACh is inactivated by an enzyme. | c. Actin and myosin “slide.” |
| 3. When skeletal muscle is stimulated quickly and repetitively, a. ACh within the NMJ is depleted. b. the muscle tetanizes, and the force of contraction increases. d. the muscle merely twitches. | b. The muscle tetanizes, and the force of contraction increases. |
| 4. Which of the following pairs slides? a. ACh and cholinesterase b. Calcium and ATP c. Troponin and tropomyosin d. Actin and myosin | d. Actin and myosin. |
| 5. Which of the following happens when calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum? a. The muscle relaxes. b. ACh binds to the muscle membrane receptors in the NMJ. c. ACh is destroyed by cholinesterase. d. Actin and myosin slide. | a. The muscle relaxes. |
| 6. Which of the following must occur to achieve flexion of the forearm? a. The triceps brachii contracts. b. The biceps brachii and brachialis contract. c. The brachioradialis relaxes. d. The deltoid and brachioradialis relax. | b. The biceps brachii and brachialis contract. |
| 7. Which of the following does not characterize the quadriceps femoris? a. Has four heads, or points of attachment b. Is the prime mover for extension of the leg d. Causes plantar flexion, as in toe dancing | d. Causes plantar flexion, as in toe dancing. |
| 8. Which of the following is true of the hamstrings? a. Located along the anterior thigh b. Is the prime mover for flexion of the leg c. Acts synergistically with the gastrocnemius to cause dorsiflexion | b. Is the prime mover for flexion of the leg. |
| 9. Which of the following is least descriptive of the masseter and temporalis muscles? a. Insert on the mandible b. Muscles of mastication c. Nonstriated and involuntary d. Innervated by somatic motor neurons | c. Nonstriated and involuntary. |
| 10. This muscle is best viewed on an anterior view of the body. a. Biceps femoris b. Pectoralis major c. Latissimus dorsi d. Gastrocnemius | b. Pectoralis major. |
| 11. Which of the following is descriptive of myosin, actin, and the troponin–tropomyosin complex? a. Depolarization, repolarization b. Thick filaments/thin filaments c. Dendrites, axons d. Voluntary, involuntary | b. Thick filaments/thin filaments. |
| 12. The muscles that move the fingers a. have their origins on the distal metacarpals. b. have their origins on the bones of the forearm. c. insert on the humerus. d. are called pronators and supinators. | b. Have their origins on the bones of the forearm. |
| 13. Which of the following moves the thigh toward the midline of the body? a. Abductors b. Flexors c. Supinators d. Adductors | d. Adductors. |
| 14. Contraction of the soleus and gastrocnemius causes a. abduction of the thigh. b. extension of the leg. c. dorsiflexion. d. plantar flexion. | d. Plantar flexion. |
| 15. Which of the following muscles act synergistically? a. Trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, quadriceps femoris b. Biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis c. Temporalis, trapezius, and masseter | b. Biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis. |
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