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Developmental Stages
Term | Definition |
---|---|
(Erik Erikson) Infancy | (to 1 year) Trust vs. Mistrust |
(Erik Erikson) Toddlerhood | (1 to 3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame |
(Erik Erikson) Preschool | (3 to 6 years) Initiative vs. Guilt |
(Erik Erikson) Elementary School | (6 years to puberty) Competence vs. Inferiority |
(Erik Erikson) Adolescence | (teen years into 20s) Identity vs. Role Confusion |
(Erik Erikson) Young Adulthood | (20s to 40s) Intimacy vs. Isolation |
(Erik Erikson) Middle Adulthood | (40s to 60s) Generativity vs. Stagnation |
(Erik Erikson) Late Adulthood | (late 60s and up) Integrity vs. Dispair Is my life successful or a failure? |
(Kohlberg) Preconventional Morality | (before age 9) Self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards. |
(Kohlberg) Conventional Morality | (early adolescence) Uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order. |
(Kohlberg) Postconventional Morality | (adolescence and beyond) Actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles. |
(Piaget) Sensorimotor | (Birth to nearly 2 years) Experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping)- Object permanence, stranger anxiety |
(Piaget) Preoperational | (About 2 to 6 or 7 years) Representing things with words and images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning. - Pretend Play, Egocentrism |
(Piaget) Concrete Operational | (About 7 to 11 years) Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations.- Conservation, Mathematical transformations |
(Piaget) Formal Operational | (About 12 through adulthood) Reasoning abstractly- Abstract logic, Potential for mature moral reasoning. |