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Myers Module 23

Thinking

QuestionAnswer
Cognition the mental activites associated with processing, understanding, remembering and communicating
Cognitive Psychologists Study logical and illogical cognition
Concept mental groupings of similar objects, events and people.
Prototype mental image or best example of a category
Algorithm a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem; slower but more correct
Heuristic a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; speedy but more error prone
Insight a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; contrasts with strategy based solutions.
Confirmation Bias a tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions.
Fixation the inability to see a problem from new perspective
Functional Fixedness the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Representativeness heuristic judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information
Availability Heuristic estimating the likelihood of events on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common
Overconfidence the tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs and judgements
Framing the way an issue is posed
Belief perseverance clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
Created by: tpetrali
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