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PSY105 Modules 20-22
PSY105 Modules 20-22: Learning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is associate learning | process of connecting simultaneous or sequential events (conditioning) |
| What is cognitive learning? | required the acquisition of mental information to guide our own behavior. |
| observational learning | Watch and learn (social learning) |
| Explain the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning | Classical conditioning: Involves linking 2 or more stimuli. (Dog salivating when they hear a bell ring) Operant conditioning: involves and organism associating a behavior or action w/ a consequence. (rewarding a rat for pressing a button: Skinner box) |
| Example of unconditioned stimulus | Food |
| Example of unconditioned response | Salvation |
| Example of conditioned stimulus | Bell |
| Example of conditioned response | Salvation |
| Explain law of effect | rewarded behavior increases and punished behavior decreases. |
| What is positive reinforcement? | rewarding a desired behavior w/ pleasurable stimulus |
| what is negative reinforcement? | encourages a response by removing something negative, desired behavior is utilized to avoid something aversive. |
| What is primary reinforcers? | rewarding/ don't need to be learned or associated. |
| Conditioned reinforcers? | Must be learned/associated |
| Reinforcement schedules | have a significant influence on how effective and long-lasting reinforcement is. |
| Continuous reinforcement schedules | result in rapid learning, but behavior extinction (the desired behavior diminishes and eventually stops) also occurs rapidly. |
| Fixed-ratio schedules | reward the desired behavior after a set number of responses. |
| Variable-ration schedules | reward the desired behavior after a different number of response every time, making the reward unpredictable. This results in a high response rate because the more responses that occur, the more rewards are given. |
| Intermittent reinforcement schedules | reward the desired behavior irregularly. Learning occurs more slowly but is much more stable in the long-term. |
| Fixed-interval schedules | reward the desired behavior after a set duration of time. The desired behavior tends to increase around the time the reward is due. |
| Variable-interval schedules | reward the desired behavior on a changing time schedule |
| Explain instinctive drift | Tendency for old behaviors to revert back to behaviors that are more instinctual |
Created by:
eneill
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