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ACT Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lysosomes | hold enzymes, digest food or break down the cell when it dies |
| Mitochondria | organelles that act like a digestive system, which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy-rich molecules (ATP) for the cell |
| Cell Nucleus | acts as the brain of the cell, contains the cell's DNA, or the genetic information, from which proteins are made, and helps control eating, movement, and reproduction |
| Chloroplasts | only exist in plant cells and assist in the process of photosynthesis, converting light into energy (which only plants do, not animals) |
| Cell Membrane | holds all of the pieces of the cell and serves as the barrier between the cell and other cells |
| DNA | contains the genetic information needed for making proteins (protein synthesis) and acts as the blueprint for protein production |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | makes a copy of the sequence of DNA of a specific gene |
| Ribosomes | use mRNA as a guide to make protein of the same amino acid sequence as the original DNA |
| Transcription | the process where mRNA copies DNA |
| Cytosol | where mRNA goes after it is made and leaves the nucleus |
| Translation | the process of producing protein from the mRNA |
| Protein Synthesis | consists of two steps: DNA to mRNA transcription and mRNA to protein translation |
| Natural Selection | traits that allow organisms to reproduce more effectively will become more common, and traits that reduce reproductive success will become less common (aka Survival of the Fittest) |
| Greenhouse Gases | trap heat in the atmosphere, prevent the heat sunlight produces at Earth's surface from leaving the atmosphere; the heat stays close to Earth, increasing the planet's temperature |
| Six Main Greenhouse Gases | Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous oxide (N2O) Ozone (O3) Water Vapor (H2O) Fluorinated gases (also known as chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs) |
| Photosynthesis | the process where plants capture sunlight to make food for themselves; the plant takes in carbon dioxide, water, and energy, and it produces glucose (which it consumes to live) and oxygen 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy→ C6H12O6 + 6 O2 |
| Respiration | when cells break down molecules into a type of energy they can use; glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (a chemical that provides energy to cells) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP |
| Taxonomy | the science of naming and classifying all organisms. It allows scientists to see how closely different organisms are related and what characteristics they share |
| Taxonomic Rank | the seven levels organisms are classified in |
| First Taxonomic Level | Kingdom |
| Second Taxonomic Level | Phylum |
| Third Taxonomic Level | Class |
| Fourth Taxonomic Level | Order |
| Fifth Taxonomic Level | Family |
| Sixth Taxonomic Level | Genius |
| Seventh Taxonomic Level | Species |
| Alleles | pairs of genes responsible for particular traits, pairs can be 2 dominant genes, 2 recessive genes, or dominant & recessive gene. Dominant (capital letters) and recessive genes (lower-case) |
Created by:
rcooke
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