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Economics 2.5.1
Economics- Edexcel 2.5.1
Term | Definition |
---|---|
economic growth | sustained rise in a country’s productive potential and real national output |
main drivers of long run economic growth | high productivity, gains from innovation and rising real incomes for households |
short run economic growth | an increase in GDP in a given period of time |
actual growth other name | short run growth |
long run growth | an increase in the economy's productive capacity due to an increase in the long-run aggregate supply |
factors causing short run economic growth | interest rates/fiscal policy/commodity prices/currency changes affecting imports and exports/trading conditions/confidence of businesses and households |
factors causing long run economic growth | investment/productivity/labour supply/research and development/innovation/enterprise |
export led growth | where a significant part of the expansion of real GDP, jobs and per capita incomes flows from the successful exporting of goods and services from one country to another |
trade-to-GDP ratio | measures the total value of trade(exports + imports) expressed as a percentage of GDP |
advantage 1 of export-led growth: injections | injection leads to rise in AD & expansion of output, raising per capita incomes and reducing extreme poverty |
advantage 2 of export-led growth: business revenues | grows export sales for businesses, used for investment(higher productive capacity so higher potential for exports) |
advantage 3 of export-led growth: investment | industries help facilitate trade and countries with fast-growing export sectors are likely to see increased investment and employment in related industries |
disadvantage 1 of export-led growth: vulnerability | over-dependence on economic cycles of trade partner countries and vulnerable to external economic and political shocks |
disadvantage 2 of export-led growth: protectionism | persistent trade surpluses incite protectionist response from other nations who feel that the benefits of trade may be unequally skewed towards exporting countries |
disadvantage 3 of export-led growth: production capacity | production capacity allocated to supply goods for exports can’t be used for domestic needs, so dip in domestic living standards |
disadvantage 4 of export-led growth: rapid export-led growth | leads to demand pull inflation and higher interest rates, so less competitive |
disadvantage 5 of export-led growth: unsustainable | unsustainable if contributes extraction of natural resources beyond what is required for long term balanced growth to be maintained |
domestic | existing or occurring inside a particular country; not foreign or international |