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Top 3: NS & COT
Topic 3: Natural Selection & Change Over Time
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| species | a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce |
| variation | any difference between individuals of the same species |
| evolution | change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
| fossil | the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past |
| adaptation | an inherited behavior or physical characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment |
| scientific theory | a well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results |
| natural selection | the process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce |
| competition | the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources in the same place at the same time |
| fitness | how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its enviroment |
| sexual selection | a type of natural selection that acts on an organism's ability to get the best possible mate |
| coevolution | the process by which two species evolve in response to change in each other time |
| fossil record | all the fossils that have been discovered and what scientists have learned from them |
| epigenetics | the study of small changes to DNA that turn genes on or off but do not change the genetic code itself |
| homologous structures | structures that are similar in different species and that have been inherited from a common ancestor |
| extinct | term used to refer to a group of related organisms that has died out and has no living members |
| protein | large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| endosymbiosis | a relationship in which one organism lives inside another organism's cells |
| Carolus Linnaeus | 1707-1778, developed the first scientific system for classifying and naming living things |
| Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | 1744-1829, French scienctist who mistakenly theorized that organisms could change during their lifetimes by selectively using or not using various parts of their bodies, AKA theory of transformation |
| Charles Lyell | 1797-1875, young lawyer who studied naturally-formed layers of rocks and fossils; concluded that Earth's features have greatly changed and are still changing and is over 300 million years old; theory of gradual evolution over long periods of time |
| Mary Anning | 1799-1847, taught herself how to reconstruct the bodies of fossilized animals and was a key contributor in the study of fossils and geology; led scientists ancient animals had gone extinct |
| Charles Darwin | 1831, young naturalist who sailed on the HMS Beagle and studied the diversity of animals around South America and the Galapagos; one the main contributors to the theory of evolution and wrote The Orgin of Species |
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muellershauna
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