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Psychology Chapter 2
Review for quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do experiments generate? | Evidence |
| What does interpreting evidence require? | Critical Thinking |
| When we consider evidence, what does it depend on? | What we expect to see |
| What can influence a person? | Beliefs and Desires |
| What will people always do? | Go for what they related to the most, first. |
| What can lead to inconclusive conclusions? | The tendency to ignore missing evidence |
| What is the Second rule of critical thinking? | Consider what you don't see |
| Science is a what? | Human Enterprise |
| What are psychologists bound by? | Code of ethics |
| What is on the Belmont Report? | Research should show respect for people, animals, and the truth, be beneficent, and be just |
| What should the participant have the right to? | Informed consent, freedom from coercion, protection from harm, and debriefing |
| What are IRBs? | Institutional review boards |
| What do IRBs do? | ensure that data is collected ethically |
| How does science uncover fraud? | The honor system |
| What are scientist obligated to do once done experimenting? | Share the data with other scientist |
| Positive correlation has what kind of relationship? | More is more |
| Negative Correlation has what kind of relationship? | Less is Less |
| Natural Correlations are what? | The correlations we observe in the world around us |
| Third -Variable Problem is what? | The natural correlation between two variables cannot be taken as evidence of a casual relationship between them because a third variable might be causing them both |
| What is Manipulation? | A technique for determining the casual power of a variable by actively changing its value |
| What are the three steps of experimentation? | 1. Manipulate 2. Measure 3. Compare |
| Self-Selection is what? | A problem that occurs when anything about a participate determine that participants condition |
| Random Assignment is what? | A procedure that assigns participants to a condition by chance |
| What is an independent variable? | The variable that is manipulated in an experiment |
| What is a dependent varaible? | The variable that is measured |
| What is Internal validity? | that allows it to establish causal relationships |
| What is external validity? | an attribute of an experiment in which variable have been operationally defined in a normal typical or realistic way |
| What is a poulation? | A complete collection of people |
| What is a sample? | A partial collection of people drawn from a population |
| What is a case method? | A procedure for gathering scientific information by studying a single individual |
| What is random sampling? | A technique for selecting participants that ensures that every member of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample |
| What is replication? | An experiment that uses those same procedures as a previous experiment with a new sample from the same population |
| What is dogmatism? | describe people's tendency to cling to their beliefs and assumptions |
| What is Empirircism? | The belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation |
| What is the backbone of the scientific method? | Empiricism |
| What is the scientific method? | A procedure for using empirical evidence to establish facts |
| What is a Hypothesis? | A falsifiable prediction made by a theory |
| What is the empirical method? | A set of rules and techniques for observation |
| What is an operational defintion? | A description of a property in measurable terms |
| What is construct validity? | the extent to which the thing being measured adequately characterizes the property |
| What two traits do good detectors have? | Power and reliability |
| What are Demand characteristics? | Those aspects of an observational setting that cause people to behave as they think someone else wants to expects |
| What is naturalistic observation? | a technique for gathering scientific information by unobtrusively observing people in their environment |
| What is observer bias? | the tendency for observers expectations to influence both what they believe they observed and what they observed |
| what is a double-blind study? | a study in which the research nor the participants know how the participants are expected to behave |
Created by:
mag_piez
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