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Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| intelligence | ability to learn from experience, solve problems, use knowledge, and adapt to new situations |
| factor analysis | a procedure that identifies new clusters of related items on a test |
| savant syndrome | a condition where a person has an exceptional specific skill (or limited in mental ability) |
| analytical intelligence | assessed by IQ tests - presents well-defined problems having a single right answer |
| creative intelligence | the ability to adapt to new situations/generate novel ideas |
| practical intelligence | required for everyday tasks that are poorly defined (ex: decision making) |
| emotional intelligence | ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions |
| reification | viewing an abstract immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing |
| fluid intelligence | the ability to solve new problems/identify patterns/use logic |
| crystallized intelligence | the ability to use learned knowledge/experience |
| standardization | the test must be pre-tested to a representative sample |
| mental age: | what a person of a particular age should know |
| reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results overtime |
| validity | the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to |
| content validity | does the test sample a behavior of interest? |
| predictive validity | does the test predict future behavior |
| aptitude | measure ability or potential |
| achievement | tests that measure what you have learned |
| stereotype threat | tendency to perform worse when conscious of being in a group stereotyped of performing poorly |
| Stanford-Binet | the widely used revision of Binet's intelligence test |
| intelligence quotient | the ratio of mental age to chronological age |
| normal curve | a symmetrical curve that describes the distribution of many types of data |
| intrinsic | curiosity, pride, achievement, interest |
| extrinsic | grades, punishment, praise, money |
| motive | a need or desire that energizes behavior/ directs it to your goal |
| emotion | feeling that underlies behavior |
| instincts | complex behaviors that have fixed patterns |
| need | a requirement that has to be fulfilled |
| drive | keeps us motivated and working to fulfill the need |
| homeostasis | explains why we stop fulfilling biological drives |
| drive reduction | the physiological aim of drive reduction is the maintenance of a steady internal state |
| optimum arousal | humans seek optimum levels of arousal |
| arousal theory | people do thing to seek out an optimal level of arousal for a given moment |
| cohort | a group of people sharing a common characteristic |
| intellectual disability | a condition of limited mental ability |
| heritability | proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes |
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