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Med239 ECG

Ch 2 Terms

TermDefinition
Action potential The change in the electrical potential of the heart muscle when it is stimulated.
Aorta The largest artery of the body; transferred to blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the entire body.
aortic semilunar valve Valve located in the aorta that prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle.
atrioventricular (AV) node Delays the electrical impulses to allow the atria to complete the contraction.
Atrium (pl. Atria) The top two chambers of the heart.
Automaticity The ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by an independent source.
Bachmann's bundle The structure that relays the electrical impulse from the SA node to the left atrium in a normal heart.
Bundle Branches The left and right branches of the bundle of His that conduct impulses down either side of interventricular septum to the left and right ventricles.
Bundle of His (AV bundle) Located next to the AV Node; provides the transfer of electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles.
Cardiac cycle Contraction and relaxation of the heart.
Chordae tendineae Structures that connect the atrioventricular (Tricuspid and mitral) valve to the papillary muscles and prevent them from opening in the wrong direction.
Complexes Atrial or Ventricular contractions as they appear on the ECG; complete ECG waveforms.
Conductivity The ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse.
Contractility The contraction of the heart muscle cells produces the heartbeat or pumping of the heart.
Coronary Circulation The ability of the heart muscles cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus.
Deoxygenated blood Blood that has little to no oxygen.
Depolarization The electrical activation of the cells of the hear that initiates contraction of the heart muscle.
Diastole The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is expanding and refilling; also known as the relaxation phase.
Excitability The ability of the heart muscles cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus; also called irritability.
Interatrial septum A wall of tissue that separates the left and right atria of the heart.
Interval The period of time between two activities within the heart.
Interventricular septum A partition or wall (septum) that divides the right and left ventricles.
Ischemia A sudden loss or reduction in blood supply (oxygen) to a region of the heart tissue. This occurs due to the presence of atherosclerotic plaque, blood clot, emboli, or even vascular spasm (Prinzmetal's angina)
Isoelectric line The period when the electrical tracing of the ECG is at zero (0) or a straight line, and no positive or negative deflections are seen.
Left Atrium The left upper chamber of the heart which receives blood from the lungs.
Left Ventricle The right lower chamber of the heart which pumps blood to the lungs.
Mitral (bicuspid) valve Valve with two cusps or leaflets located between the left atrium and left ventricle; it prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium.
Myocardial Pertaining to the heart.
Oxygenated blood Blood with oxygen.
Papillary Muscles Muscles in the ventricles that anchor the chordae tendineae and atrioventricular valves.
Parasympathetic The branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that helps to slow the heart rate.
Pericardium A two-layered sac of tissue enclosing the heart.
Polarization The state of cellular rest in which the inside is negatively charged and the outside is positively charged.
Pulmonary Artery Large artery that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. This is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood.
Pulmonary Circulation The transportation of blood to and from the lungs; blood is oxygenated in the lungs during pulmonary circulation.
Pulmonary Semilunar valve A valve found in the pulmonary artery that prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle during pulmonary circulation.
Pulmonary Veins Transport oxygenated blood back into the left atrium of the heart. These are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood.
Purkinje fibers The fibers within the heart that distribute electrical impulses from cell to cell throughout the ventricles.
Purkinje network Spreads the electrical impulse throughout the ventricles by means of the Purkinje fibers.
Repolarization is a state of cellular recovery that follows each contraction.
Right Atrium The right upper chamber of the heart, which receives blood from the body.
Right Ventricle The right lower chamber of the heart, which pumps blood to the lungs.
Segment A portion or part of the electrical tracing produced by the heart.
Semilunar Valve A valve with half-moon-shaped cusps that open and close, allowing blood to travel only one way; located in the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
Sinoatrial (SA) node An area of specialized cells in the upper right atrium that initiates the heartbeat.
Sympathetic The branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that causes an increase in the heart rate.
Systemic Circulation The pathways for pumping blood throughout the body and back to the heart.
Systole The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, during which the heart is pumping blood out to the pulmonary (lungs) and systemic (body) circulation.
Tricuspid valve Valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle; it prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium.
Vena Cava (pl. Venae Cavae) Largest vein in the body, which provides a pathway for deoxygenated blood to return to the heart
Created by: BrilliantMAs
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