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Biology
Physical Properties
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Volume | amount of space matter takes up |
Mass | amount of matter in an object |
mass and weight is different bc mass _________ | changes |
Density | Ratio of matter's mass to volume |
volume for Density | D=M/V |
Desity determines what | if something floats or not |
Physical state | form in which matter exists |
4 physical states | solid, liquid, gas, and plasma |
Properties of matter | ability to rust, ability to burn, and ability freeze/decompose |
Chemical Properties | characterstics of matter that allow it to change into new substance |
Matter | anything that occupies space and has mass |
structure of matter | the study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter- the ATOM |
3 structure of atoms | proton, neutron, and electron |
proton | Large mass, positively charged |
neutrons | large mass, no charge |
electron | small mass, negatively charged |
strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the ______ - the center of the atom | nucleus |
electrons move around outside of the nucleus called the | electron cloud |
number of protons and electrons are ______, making the atom ________ | equal; neutral |
Element | pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
more than 100 element known, but only about 2 dozens are commonly found in living organism - most common are what | CHONPS |
elements are represented by 1 or 2 | symbols |
each element has a unique number of _______ | protons |
atomic number | equals the number of protons in an element |
mass number | # of protons plus the # of neutrons |
Atoms of elements may have different number of ______ | neutrons |
isotope | atoms of the same element that differs in the # of neutrons they contain |
Atomic mass | the weighted averages of an element isotope |
because they have the same number of electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same | chemical property |
some isotopes are ____ _____ meaning that their nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate | radio active |
Radiation is used to do What | detect and treat cancer |
_____ _______ that causes food to spoil | kills bacteria |
compound | substance formed by the cheimcal combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions |
the atoms in a compound are held together by various types of ____ ____ | chemical bonds |
Bond formation involves the electrons that surround each atomic nucleus AKA what | valence electrons |
the main types of bonds (2) | ionic bonds and covalent bonds |
ionic bond | chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another |
atoms that lose become ___________ | positively (cation) |
atoms that gain become ___________ | negatively (anion) |
these positively and negatively charged atoms are called ______ | ions |
covalent bond | type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared |
the structure that results when atoms are joined by covalent bonds is called a ________ | molecule |
molecule | covalently bonded compounds |
water is _____ (unevenly distributed) | polar |
Polar molecules attract each other, forming _________ ______ | hydrogen bonds |
Hydrogen bonds | attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom that is negatively charged |
amine formula | NH2 |
Amine is used in what | proteins |
Phosphate formula | PO4 |
phosphate is used in whatn | nucleic acid |
carboxylic acid formula | COOH |
carboxylic acid is used in what | lipids |
hydroxyl formula | OH |
hydroxyl is used in what | carbohydrates |
monomer | small building block |
ponomr | large molecule formed by linking monomers |
most macromolecules are formed from a process called | dehydration synthesis |
macromolecules are broken down process called | hydrolysis |
what are lipids | macromolecules made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms |
what are peptide | covalent bond between the amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid |
monosascarides | simplest carbohydrate |
dissackride | sugars made of two covalently bonded EX. Glucose fructose |
polysaccharide | giant polymers that consists of thousands of linked monosaccharide |