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nociceptive pain
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365 Exam 1
365 CH
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pain | whatever the person says it is and exists when a person says it does; multidimensional, emotional, physical |
| nociceptive pain | nociceptors in tissues send pain signals to the CNS |
| neuropathic pain | damage to the nerve itself causes typical pain symptoms (pins and needles, numbness, shooting, tingling) |
| cutaneous/ superficial | skin |
| deep somatic | muscles, tendons, bones |
| visceral | organs; cramping, stomach |
| radiating | sensation moves to location |
| phantom | amputee |
| psychogenic | not physical |
| acute pain | manifestations reflect sympathetic nervous system activation; increase HR, RR, BP |
| chronic pain | gradual or sudden, continues past normal recovery time; ongoing, exacerbations |
| pain threshold | fully experiencing can not take pain anymore |
| pain tolerance | how much pain you can be exposed to before reaching threshold |
| hyperalgesia | extreme reaction more so than one would expect |
| allodynia | experiences a stimuli that would not normally cause pain but it does |
| titration | dose adjustment based on analgesic effect versus side effects |
| parenteral | bloodstream; subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous |
| intraspinal | highly potent; smaller doses necessary |
| implantable pumps | intra spinal catheters, patient controlled analgesia |
| cutaneous stimulation | non drug therapy; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) |
| heat therapy | loosen/ vasodilate |
| cold therapy | constrict (for inflamed, swell, bleed, bruising) |
| nonopioid analgesics | mild to moderate; acetaminophen, aspirin, salicylates; do not produce tolerance or physical dependence |
| analgesic ceiling | hits a top point, maximum amount it will work; giving more will not change it's effect |
| acetaminophen risk | too much causes liver dysfunction |
| aspirin, NSAIDs, salicylates risk | too much can cause GI distress and bleeding |
| morphine, oxycodone, codeine | potent, no analgesic ceiling and several routes for administration; moderate to severe pain |
| morphine risk | can cause respiratory depression |
| physical dependence | normal response with opioid use of 2 weeks or more; manifested with withdrawal symptoms |
| tolerance | normal response with regular use of opioid; increased usage needed to effect pain relief |
| non opioids combined with opioids | provides optimal pain relief for moderate pain and limits use of opioids; limits risk of tolerance and dependence and adverse side effects |
| naloxone (narcan) | reverses effects of opioids by competitively binding to opioid receptor; can treat over sedation and respiratory depression |
| adverse effects of analgesic agents | respiratory depression, sedation, nausea, constipation (need bowel regimen) |
| adjuvant analgesics | local anesthetics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants |
| opioid analgesics physiologic pain relief | act on CNS to inhibit activity of nociceptive pathways |
| NSAIDs physiologic pain relief | inhibit cycloxygenase |
Created by:
ahommel
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