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Life Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acquired trait | A characteristic that is not in your genes but that a living thing gets during its lifetime. |
| Animal Cell | A small living part of a multicellular organism |
| anterior | situated in the front of the body or nearer to the head |
| arm | used to carry the microscope |
| base | the bottom of the microscope |
| Base Pairs | When two nucleic acids pair up to create a "rung" of the DNA ladder. "A" will only pair with "T" and "C" will only pair with "G". |
| bilateral symmetry | a basic body plan in which the left and right sides of the organism can be divided into approximate mirror images of each other along the midline. |
| body tube | separates eyepiece from the nosepiece |
| Cell | Basic unit of life |
| cell membrane | the semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and allows food to enter and waste to exit. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid outer layer of the plant cell; provides protection and support for the plant cells |
| Cellular respiration | A process in the mitochondria of the cell to produce energy (ATP) for cell's use. |
| centrioles | separates chromosome pairs during mitosis in animal cells |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment in some plant cell's chloroplasts; absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | an organelle found in plant cells, uses energy from the sun to create photosynthesis, making food for the plant in the form of sugar (glucose) |
| chromosome | acoiled substance in the cell nucleus that contains genetic information and carries information controlling the cell's activities |
| coarse adjustment | moves the objectives up and down; used to focus in LOW power, never high power |
| cytoplasm | the jelly-like fluid, inside the cell, that holds the organelles in place |
| diaphragm | regulates the amount of light on the specimen |
| diffusion | the movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| DNA | A chemical material in a cell's nucleus that stores coded information about how an organism will grow and develop. |
| dorsal | the back or topside |
| double helix | The three-dimensional structure of double-stranded DNA |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | A folded membrane that transports materials throughout the cell |
| environmental trait | Characteristics that are caused by something around an organism. |
| Eukaryotic | A cell that contains a nucleus and organelles |
| eyepiece | 10x magnification, also called ocular lens |
| fine adjustment | used to sharpen the image |
| Genes | A series of base pairs that controls what substance the cell will make. Determines an organisms traits. |
| genetically modified organism | Any organism whose genetic material has been changed by genetic engineering |
| Genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. |
| Golgi Apparatus (aka. golgi body) | stores and packages materials that will be leaving the cell (shipping department); modifies proteins made by the cell |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| inherited trait | Characteristics that are from the passing of traits through DNA from parent to offspring |
| learned trait | Characteristics that are from watching, experiencing, or practicing. |
| light source | projects light upward through the diaphragm, the specimen, and then the lens |
| lysosomes | Contains powerful chemicals that break down harmful molecules. Recycles worn out parts. |
| Mitochondria | Breaks down sugar to release energy; powerhouse of the cell |
| mitosis | the process in which a cell nucleus divides for duplication |
| Multicellular | Made of more than one cell |
| multicellular organisms | composed of many cells and systems that function together to help with survival |
| nosepiece | Holds the objectives and can be rotated to change the magnification. |
| nucleolus | Makes ribosomes. |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell. Contains DNA. |
| objectives | Lenses that magnify different amounts. The longer the objective is, the higher the magnification power. |
| organ | when more than one tissue are working together to perform a function |
| organism | an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form. |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a cell membrane |
| Photosynthesis | Process that plants use to turn sunlight into energy |
| Plant | This kingdom can make its own food |
| Plant Cell | 1) have cell wall 2) have chlorophyll/chloroplasts needed for photosynthesis. 3) large vacuoles |
| posterior | nearer the rear of the organism |
| Prokaryotic | A single‐celled organism with NO nucleus |
| radial symmetry | symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower |
| ribosomes | make proteins for the cell |
| Rough ER | acts like the "Cell Superhighway" and has ribosomes on it |
| Smooth ER | acts like the "Cell Superhighway" but DOES NOT have ribosomes on it |
| stage | The flat part that the slide sits on so that you can look at them. It has a hole in it that lets light through. |
| stage clips | two metal clips that hold a slide on the stage |
| system | a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a specific function |
| traits | a characteristic that is caused by genetics. |
| Unicellular | Made of a single cell |
| unicellular organism | made up of one cell and all life functions are performed by this one cell |
| vacuole | Stores food, nutrients, water and waste for the cell. It is very large in plant cells. |
| ventral | the belly or underside |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
MrsMakselan
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