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8th SLO Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Gravity | the attractive force between objects; the force that moves objects downhill |
Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
inheritance | the process by which an offspring recieves genes from its parents |
Instinct | a response to a stimulus that is inborn |
Meiosis | the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half |
Messenger RNA | type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
Metamorphosis | a process in which an animal's body undergoes major changes in shape and form during its life cycle |
Migration | the regular, seasonal journey of an animal from one place to another and back again |
Mitosis | the second stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleaus divides into two new nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell |
Motion | the state in which one object's distance from another is changing |
Mutation | any change in the DNA of a gene or a chromosome |
Natural selection | the process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce |
Net force | the overall force on an object when all the individual forces acting on it are added together |
Newton | a unit of measurement that equals the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second |
Pedigree | a tool that geneticists use to map out the inheritance of traits |
Phenotype | an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits |
Pheromone | a chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of another animal of the same species |
Photoperiodism | a plant's response to seasonal changes in the length of night and day |
Pollination | the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants |
Protein synthesis | the process by which amino acids link together to form proteins |
Scientific theory | a well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results |
Sexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism which differs from both parents |
Slope | the steepness of a graph line; the ratio of the vertical change (the rise) to the horizontal change (the run) |
Speed | the distance an object travels per unit of time |
Static Electricity | a buildup of charges on an object |
Transfer RNA | the type of RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis |
Tropism | a plant's growth response toward or away from a stimulus |
Velocity | speed in a given direction |
work | force exerted on an object that causes it to move |
Weight | a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object |
Acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes |
Adaptation | an inherited behavior or physical characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment |
Artificial selection | the process by which humans breed only those organisms with desired traits to produce the next generation; selective breeding |
Asexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
Chromosome | threadlike structure within a cell's nucleus that contains DNA that is passed from one generation to the next |
Clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced |
Conductor | a material that allows electric charges to flow or conduct heat well |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
Dormancy | a period of time when an organism's growth or activity stops |
Electric Circuit | a complete, unbroken path through wich electric charges can flow |
Electric Field | the region around a charged object where the object's electric force is exerted on other charged objects |
Electric Force | the force between charged objects |
Endosymbiosis | a relationship in which one organism lives inside another organism's cells |
Force | a push or pull exerted on an object |
Fossil | the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past |
Friction | the force that two substances exert on each other when they rub against each other |
Gene therapy | the process of replacing an absent or faulty gene with a normal working gene to treat a disease or medical disorder |
Genetic engineering | the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
Genotype | an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations |
Germination | the sprouting of the embryo out of a seed; occus when the embryo resumes its growth following dormacy |