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acute dystonia
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322 Exam 2
322 GI meds
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antiemetics | correct or control vomiting; centrally or local acting |
| acute dystonia | facial grimacing, involuntary upward eye movement, muscle spasm of tongue and face |
| akathisia | restless, trouble standing still, feet in constant motion, rocking |
| serotonin antagonists (preferred drug) | blocks serotonin receptors and afferent vagal nerve terminals in upper GI tract; ondansetron most effective in chemo |
| side effects of glucocorticoids | fluid and sodium retention, fractures, osteoporosis |
| cannabinoids | appetite stimulant; marinol |
| prokinetic agents | increase tone and motility of GI tract; metocolopramide |
| metoclopramide, reglan | suppresses emesis by blocking dopamine receptors in CTZ, increases peristalsis and gastric emptying |
| antidiarrheals | inhibit gastric motility by decreasing intestinal motility and peristalsis |
| side effects of antidiarrheals | constipation, CNS depression |
| adsorbents | coat the wall of the GI tract absorbing bacteria or toxins that cause diarrhea |
| imodium | slows motility by affecting water and electrolyte movement through the bowel; increases tone of anal sphincter reducing incontinence and urge |
| osmotic laxative | hyperosmolar salts pull water into colon and increase water in feces to increase bulk, stimulating peristalsis and defecation |
| osmotic laxative | produces semi formed and watery stool, lactulose and glycerin |
| stimulant laxative | increases peristalsis by irritating sensory nerve endings in the intestinal mucosa |
| stimulant laxative | bisacodyl and castor oil; harsh acts in 2 to 6 hours; can block absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins |
| stimulant senns | changes urine color; reddish brown |
| bulk forming laxative | natural, fibrous substance that promotes large, soft stools by absorbing water into the intestine, increasing fecal bulk and peristalsis, promotes well formed, soft stools |
| emollient laxative | stool softener, docusate given with full glass of water; may cause mild cramping |
| chloride channel activator laxatives | activates chloride channels in small intestine leading to an increase in intestinal fluid secretion and motility |
| antiemetic assessment | determine onset, frequency and amount of vomiting; risk for dehydration |
| red diarrhea | lower GI tract, colon |
| black diarrhea | upper GI tract |
| H2 blockers | block receptors of parietal cells to reduce gastric acid secretion and concentration |
| H2 blockers treat | gastric and duodenal ulcers, prevent acid reflux in the esophagus |
| PPI | suppress secretion of hydrochloric acids into the lumen of the stomach by inhibiting hydrogen/ potassium ATPase enzyme system |
| PPI | does not allow the body to produce HCl acid |
| adverse effects with long term use of PPI | pneumonia, fractures and osteoporosis, rebound acid secretion, c diff |
| PPI | prazole |
| peptic ulcer | occur when there is a hyper secretion of HCl and pepsin which erode the mucosal lining |
| esophageal ulcer | reflux of acidic gastric secretions into esophagus due to an incompetent cardiac sphincter |
| gastric ulcer | breakdown of gastric mucosal barrier |
| gastric ulcer | insufficient buffers to neutralize gastric acid in the stomach; pain 30 to 1.5 hours after eating |
| duodenal ulcer | hyper secretion of acid from the stomach passing into the duodenum; pain occurs 2 to 3 hours after eating |
| GERD | inflammation or erosion of the esophageal mucosa caused by reflux of gastric acid in the esophagus |
| antacids | inorganic chemicals neutralize acids |
| nonsystemic antacids | alkaline salts; milk of magnesia can cause diarrhea or constipation |
| systemically absorbed antacids | calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate |
| H2 blockers | prevent acid reflux, work quicker than PPI, reduce acid secretion |
| PPI | suppress secretion of hydrochloric acid in lumen of the stomach |
| bulk forming laxative caution | a decrease in fluid could cause an obstruction |
| drugs to treat PUD | tranquilizers, anticholinergics, antacids, H2 blockers, PPI, prostaglandin E analog, pepsin inhbitors |
Created by:
ahommel
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