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6B: other senses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vestibular system | sensory system that helps maintain balance, posture, equilibrium |
| Semicircular canals | placed at right angles to each other, represent three axes of rotations |
| Otolith organs | sense linear acceleration |
| Saccule | up+down / forward+backward |
| Utricle | horizontal |
| Cupura | organ that senses rotation |
| Somesthesis | sense of touch |
| Mechanoreceptors | touch |
| Proprioceptors | perception/awareness |
| Nociceptors | pain |
| Free nerve endings | pain, heat, cold |
| Merkel’s disks | sustained touch, pressure (cutaneous) |
| Meissner’s corpuscles | slow vibration, texture (cutaneous) |
| Pacinian corpuscles | rapid vibration (deep) |
| Ruffini’s corpuscles | deep pressure (deep) |
| Krause corpuscles | cold, rapid vibration |
| Root hair plexus | hair movement |
| Tonic receptors | slowly adapting receptors that respond for the duration of a stimulus |
| Phase receptors | rapidly adapt to a constant stimulus and turn off |
| Thermoreceptors | high thermal sensitivity |
| Acute pain | local damage; cute, burns, broken bones, incisions, ischemia |
| Chronic pain | long term damage associated with injury |
| Substance P | peptide released when damage/inflammation occurs in the body |
| Dermatome | nerve connections on the spine |
| Cervical | top of skull to little past the neck |
| Thoracic | most of the back bones |
| Lumbar | lower back bones |
| Sacral | genitals, butt, down the legs |
| Somatotopic organization | spatial orientation of signals from different parts of the body |
| Gate control theory | pain signals can be sent to the brain |
| Referred pain | painful percept in a part of the body other than its source |
| Chemosensation | sense of taste and sense of smell |
| Gustatory system | sense of taste |
| Olfactory system | sense of smell |
| Olfactory sensory neurons | neurons that process the sense of smell |
| Olfactory epithelium | superior part of each nostril |