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integumentary notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| functions of the skin | protection, body temp/regulation, excretion, sense of pain |
| Epidermis | outermost layer of skin; protects the body |
| Dermis | lies directly under the epidermis |
| Dermis contains.... | blood vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sebaceous (oil) glands, sudoriferous (sweat) gland |
| Subcutaneous | deepest layer of the skin |
| Subcutaneous stores.... | fat, provides heat insulation, and protection |
| Sebaceous gland | (oil) are all over the body except on the palms and soles |
| Sweat gland | (sudoriferous) tiny glands that release perspiration to decrease body heat |
| Nails | dorsal side of fingers and toes |
| Burn | heat/injury to skin or tissue |
| 1st degree | redness/sensitivity - example of sunburn |
| 2nd degree | redness/sensitivity/blisters |
| 3rd degree | epidermis and dermis are destroyed which can cause no pain due to nerve damage. |
| Acne | inflamed sebaceous glands cause pimples |
| Albinism(inherited) | prevents normal amount of melanin production extremely pale skin and white hair |
| Alopecia | the partial or complete absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows; baldness. |
| Cicatrix | the scar of a healed wound |
| Cyanosis | abnormal bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen |
| Ecchymosis | a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising |
| Eczema | inflammatory skin disease with erythema (redness), pruritus (itching), and edema (swelling) |
| Gangrene | necrosis of tissue |
| Keloid | abnormally thick scar |
| Impetigo | common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and children |
| Cancerous Lesions | areas of abnormal tissue |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | type of skin cancer that mostly develops on areas of skin exposed to sun |
| Kaposi’s Sarcoma | a type of cancer that forms in the lining of blood vessels and lymph vessels |
| Malignant Melanoma | a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in melanocytes (cells that color the skin) |
| ABCDE Rule | asymmetry, border, color, diameter and evolving |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | a type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells on the skin.` |
| Cyst | contains fluid/semisolid material |
| Nevus | small dark brown spots caused by clusters of pigment forming cells (mole) |
| Nodule | A solid skin elevation larger than one centimeter in diameter |
| Papule | solid skin elevation (pimple) |
| Polyp | A small, mushroom-like growth, typically benign, that extends from the surface of a mucous membrane |
| Pustule | small infected and elevated skin (abscess) |
| Ulcer | open sore or erosion of skin (canker sore) |
| Psoriasis | A chronic disease marked by itchy, erythematous skin with silvery patches |
| Purpura | A purple or brownish-red rash in which blood leaks from vessels into the skin or mucous membranes. |
| Scabies | A contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus, or itching |
| Scleroderma | A chronic, progressive disease of the skin marked by hardening and shrinking of connective tissue, which causes edema or pain in the muscles or joints. |
| Tinea | A skin infection caused by a fungus. |
| Urticaria | Hives with localized swelling and itching. |
| Varicose veins | Veins that have a twisting appearance due to loss of elasticity. Varicose veins may be deep or superficial(close to the surface). |
| Vitiligo | Loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin, creating the appearance of milky-white patches. |
| Wart | A small, hard, benign skin growth caused by a virus (usually a papillomavirus). |
| Scratch Test | used to identify allergies; forearm is scratched with tiny needles and a variety of substances are applied to the skin |
| Intradermal Skin Test | Skin test in which different substances are injected into the skin to test for allergic reactions. |
| Excisional biopsy | Surgical removal of an entire lesion or tumor. |
| Incisional biopsy | Incision (cut) into the tissue for removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination. |
| Exfoliative cytology | Biopsy procedure in which living tissue is scraped so it can be analyzed microscopically for bacteria. The tissue may also be placed in a growth medium to check for fungal infection. |
| Needle biopsy | Biopsy procedure in which a hollow needle is used to remove a core sample of tissue for microscopic examination. |
| Punch biopsy | A biopsy done with a small, circular blade that rotates down through the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous layer, producing a cylindrical core of tissue |
| Autograft | Surgical transfer of tissue from one part of a patient’s body to another part of the same body. |
| Blepharoplasty | Plastic surgery of the eyelid; also known as a lid lift |
| Cauterization | Destruction of tissue through the application of heat, cold, or an electrical current. Most commonly used to remove skin tags. |
| Cryosurgery | Destruction of abnormal tissue by freezing it with liquid nitrogen; common treatment for warts |
| Debridement | Removal of damaged tissue and foreign debris to prevent infection and promote healing; common treatment for bedsores and burns |
| Dermabrasion | The use of abrasive materials, such as brushes and sandpaper, to remove layers of skin. Most often used to improve the appearance of acne scars and fine lines around the mouth. |
| I & D | Procedure in which an incision is made through the skin to drain fluid or an abscess. Commonly used on certain types of lesions. |
| Lipectomy | Surgical removal of fat below the skin. |
| Liposuction | Use of suction during surgery to remove fat below the skin. |
| Mohs Surgery | Surgical method of treating skin cancer. Thin, tumorous skin layers are successively removed and examined under a microscope. |
| Sclerotherapy | Injection of a sclerosing medical solution, such as saline, into varicose veins or spider veins. The solution irritates the tissue, causing it to swell and to close off small veins. The small veins then harden, shrink, and dissolve over a period of weeks. |
| Anesthetic | Drug that causes a reversible loss of sensation or pain; used to temporarily deaden pain. |
| Antibiotic | Drug used to fight off or prevent infection. |
| Antifungal | Drug used to fight off fungal infections, such as athlete’s foot and ringworm. |
| Antipruritic | Drug used to inhibit itching |
| Antiviral | Drug used to treat viral infections, such as herpes. |
| Biologic | Drug derived from living organisms through molecular biology techniques. |
| Corticosteroid | Drug used to treat skin conditions linked to autoimmune diseases, such as vasculitis, and inflammatory diseases, such as eczema and psoriasis. |
| Immunosuppressant | Drug used to treat certain conditions (such as psoriasis and eczema) by suppressing the immune system. |
Created by:
rr3ynolds
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