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MedTerm-Digestive 1

TermDefinition
-emesis vomiting
-lithiasis presence of stones
-pepsia digestion
-phagia eating, swallowing
abdomin- abdomen
abdominal pain Discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal cavity. Can be acute or chronic. A significant clinical symptom.
abdominal quadrants Four segments of the abdomen divided by horizontal and vertical lines intersecting at the umbilicus.
abdominal wall The boundaries of the abdomen, consisting of multiple layers: skin, subcutaneous fat, superficial fascia, muscles, transversalis fascia, extra peritoneal fat, and the parietal peritoneum. Extends from the thoracic cage to the pelvis.
aerophagia Excessive swallowing of air.
aliment/o nutrition
an/o anus, ring
anorexia nervosa An eating disorder characterized by a loss of appetite and an excessive fear of becoming overweight.
antacids Substances that neutralize acidity in the stomach.
anus The distal opening of the alimentary canal, lying in the fold between the buttocks.
append/o appendix
appendix A worm-like blind tube extension from the cecum.
appetite Natural recurring desire, e.g. for food.
bariatrics Activities related to weight reduction in patients with obesity including diet, exercise, medication and surgery.
bil/i bile, gall
bile An emulsifying fluid produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and secreted into the duodenum.
body mass index A formula for determining obesity based upon a person's weight and height.
Bulimia Nervosa An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by inappropriate purging (e.g. vomiting or using laxatives) to avoid weight gain.
butter The fatty part of milk, separated when milk or cream is churned. A soft, solid, yellowish substance.
caffeine An alkaloid drug, found in coffee and tea that simulates the central nervous system increasing alertness. It is also a diuretic.
calor/i heat
carbohydrates The largest class of organic compounds, including starch, glycogen, cellulose, polysaccharides, and simple monosaccharides. They constitute a main source of energy for body functions.
celi/o abdomen
celiac disease A disease whose symptoms are precipitated by foods containing gluten, characterized by inflammation of the small intestine. An autoimmune disease.
cheil/o lips
chol/e bile, gall
cholecyst/o gallbladder
cholecystitis Inflammation of the gallbladder.
cholelithiasis Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder.
cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia.
cirrhosis A chronic, progressive liver disease in which liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.
col/o colon
colitis Inflammation of the colon.
colon The main segment of large intestine.
colon/o colon
colonoscopy Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.
colorectal cancer A malignant neoplasm of the large intestine.
colostomy The surgical construction of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body.
constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.
craving An intense desire to consume a substance.
Crohn disease Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract thought to be caused by inherited and environmental factors and a defect in the immune system.
dent/i teeth
diarrhea The onset of three or more loose or liquid bowel movements in a day.
dietary fiber Indigestible carbohydrate materials. Can be soluble or insoluble in water.
digestion The process of converting food into absorbable substances for metabolism and use by the body.
digestive system A group of structures, organs and glands stretching from the mouth to the anus, that breakdown food substances, absorb nutrients and remove waste.
diverticulitis An inflammation in the diverticula of the intestinal tract.
dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.
dysphagia Difficulty in swallowing.
enema A solution or compound that is introduced into the rectum with the purpose of cleansing the colon or for diagnostic procedures.
enter/o small intestines
esophag/o esophagus
esophageal varices Abnormally dilated veins of the esophagus. High risk of spontaneous bleeding. Associated with alcohol abuse.
esophagus The muscular membranous passage between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
feces Excrement from the intestines, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and bacteria.
gallbladder A reservoir for bile located under the right lobe of the liver.
gallstone A hard mass that precipitates in the biliary tract, usually in the gallbladder.
gastr/o stomach
gastralgia Pain in the stomach or abdomen
gastric Pertaining to the stomach.
gastritis The painful inflammation of the stomach's lining.
gastroenteritis Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
gastrointestinal tract Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver; biliary tract; pancreas).
gastrostomy Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression.
gingiv/o gums
gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue.
gloss/o tongue
hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the rectum or anus.
hepat/o liver
hepatitis Inflammation of the liver caused by viral agents.
herpes labialis Cold sores caused by herpes simplex I.
ile/o ileum (final section of small intestine)
ileectomy Surgical removal of the ileum.
Ileus Impairment of the normal flow of the intestinal contents within the bowel.
inguin/o groin
intestines The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal.
jaundice Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to excessive bilirubin in body
labi/o lips, labia
lapar/o abdominal wall
laxative Agents that produce a soft formed stool and relax the bowels, used to relieve constipation.
leukoplakia A white patch lesion found on a mucous membrane that cannot be scraped off.
lingu/o tongue
malabsorption Inadequate intestinal absorption of nutrients.
malnutrition A condition caused by insufficient intake of nutrients.
nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach accompanied by the inclination to vomit.
obesity Being too heavy for one's height.
or/o mouth
oral Pertaining to the mouth.
palat/o palate
pancreas An irregularly shaped gland, located behind the stomach, that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum and insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin into the bloodstream.
peptic ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the gastrointestinal tract which come into contact with gastric juice.
polyp Abnormal tissue mass that protrudes into the lumen of the digestive or respiratory tracts.
proct/o anus and rectum
pylor/o pylorus (opening between the stomach and duodenum)
rect/o rectum
rectum The distal segment of the large intestine, between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal.
riboflavin Vitamin B2.
saliva The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It serves to moisten the oral cavity, to initiate the digestion of starches, and to aid in the chewing and swallowing of food.
salivary glands Glands that secrete saliva in the mouth. There are three pairs of salivary glands: parotid gland; sublingual gland and submandibular gland.
sial/o saliva
stom/o mouth
stomach A saclike digestive organ situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum.
stomatitis Inflammation of the soft tissues of the mouth. Canker sores are an example.
stool Feces discharged from the anus.
sublingual gland A salivary gland located under the tongue in the floor of the oral cavity.
tongue A muscular organ in the mouth that is covered with pink tissue called mucosa, tiny bumps called papillae, and thousands of taste buds. It is vital for chewing, swallowing and for speech.
trismus Lack of ability to open the mouth fully due to decreased range of motion of the muscles of mastication.
vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth.
Created by: pushawave
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