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10.04
The heart and the vascular system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aorta | the largest artery receives blood from the left ventricle and branches to all parts of the body |
| aortic valve | the valve at the enterance to the aorta |
| apex | formed by the left ventricle points toward inferior and left |
| artery | a vessel that carries blood away from the heart carryies oxygenated blood (except pulmonary & umbilical arteries) |
| arteriole | a small vessel that carries blood from the arteries to the capillaries |
| atrioventricular (AV) node | a small mass in the lower region of the R atrium's septum passes impulses from the SA node towards the ventricles |
| atrioventricular (AV) valve | valves beteween the atrium and ventricle tricuspid on the right, mitral on the left |
| atrium | the upper receiving chamber of the heart |
| AV bundle | a band of fibers that transmits impulses from the AV node to the top of the interventricular septum has R and L bundle branches descend on both sides of the septum |
| blood pressure | the force exerted by blood against the wall of a vessel |
| bundle branches | the branches of AV bundle divide into R and L sides of the interventricular septum |
| capillary | a microscopic blood vessel in which blood and tissues exchange materials |
| cardiovascular system | the circulatory system that includes the heart and blood vessels |
| coronary circulation | blood vessels in the heart that provide oxygen and nourishment to & remove waste from the myocardium |
| depolarization | a change in electrical charge from a resting state in nerves or muscles |
| diastole | the relaxtation phase of the heartbeat cycle |
| electrocardiography (ECG) | the study of electrical activity of the heart detected by electrodes on the skin |
| endocardium | a thin membrane that lines the chambers of the heart and covers valves |
| epicardium | the thin outermost layer of the heart wall |
| functional murmur | any sound produced from a normally functioning heart |
| heart | a muscular organ with 4 chambers that contracts rhythmically to move blood in vessels throughout the body |
| heart rate | the amount of times the heart contracts per minute (bpm) |
| heart sounds | sounds produces as the heart functions the 2 loudest result from the alternate closing of valves S1 and S2 |
| inferior vena cava | the large inferior vein brings LO blood to R atrium from the lower body |
| left AV valve | between the L atrium and L ventricle mitral/bicuspid |
| mitral valve | the left AV valve |
| myocardium | the thick middle layer of the heart wall made of cardiac muscle |
| pericardium | the fibrous sac that surrounds the heart |
| pulmonary artery | the vessel that carries blood from the R side of the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary circuit | the system of vessels responsible for carrying blood from the R side of the heart to lungs to be oxygenated and back to the L side of the heart |
| pulmonary veins | the vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the L side of the heart |
| pulmonary valve | a vessel at the enterance to the pulmonary artery |
| pulse | a wave of increased pressure in vessels when the ventricles contract |
| Purkinje fibers | the fibers of the cardiac conducting system that carry impulses through the ventricle walls |
| repolarization | the return of the electrical charge to a resting state in nerves or muscles |
| right AV valve | the vessel between the R atrium and R ventricle tricuspid |
| septum | a wall dividing 2 cavities (like the chambers of the heart) |
| sinus rhythm | a normal heart rhythm |
| sinoatrial (SA) node | a small mass in the upper part of the R atrium that initiates the impulse for each heartbeat acts as the pacemaker |
| sphygomomanometer | a tool that determines aterial blood pressure AKA blood pressure cuff |
| superior vena cava | the large superior vein that brings LO blood to the R atrium from the upper body |
| systemic circuit | the system of vessels that carry HO blood from the L side of the heart to all tissues (except the lungs) and returns LO blood to the R side of the heart |
| systole | the contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle |
| valve | a valve that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction |
| vein | a valve that carries blood back to the heart all carry LO blood (except pulmonary and umbilical) |
| ventricle | 2 small cavities that make up the lower pumping chambers of the heart |
| venule | a small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins |
| vessel | a tube or duct that transports fluids |
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