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Agriculture Unit 5

AP HUG

TermDefinition
Agriculture Farming
1st Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution Human shift from hunting/gathering to farming
Second Agricultural Revolution Mechanization in farming
Green Revolution US supported development of high yield seed varieties that increased the productivity of cereal crops and accompanying agricultural technologies for transfer to less developed countries
Domestication Process of taming wild plants or animals
Fertile Crescent Region in SW Asia; one hearth of agriculture
Columbian Exchange Transfer of plants, animals, diseases, between Europe & the Americas
Terracing Cutting steps into hillside to create farmland
Irrigation Bringing water to crops by artificial means
Deforestation Cutting down trees to use land
Draining wetlands Clearing natural swamp areas to create fields
Pesticide Substance used to destroy insects
Fertilizer Substance added to soil to increase fertility
Enclosure System communal lands were replaced by farms owned by individuals; land was restricted to the owner or tenants
Mediterranean agriculture Ex.: Farming olives, figs, citrus fruits, grapes
Pastoral nomadism Subsistence ag; based on herding animals
Subsistence cultivation /agriculture Farming just to feed yourself/your family
Commercial agriculture Farming a surplus for profit
Intensive agriculture Farming that uses lots of capital, labor and resources on land
Extensive agriculture Farming that uses few resources & often a lot of land
Fair trade .Provides farmers in periphery countries a fair price for their products; more equitable trading
Livestock Animals raised on farms for profit
Agribusiness Large corporation that provides a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry
Commodity chain a series of links connecting a commodity's many places of production and distribution
Von Thünen Model .land value determines how a farmer will use the land – intensively or extensively
Dairy farming Ex.: Milk, cheese, yogurt, sour cream
Monocropping Growing a single crop
Desertification When fertile land becomes arid over time
Bid –Rent Theory Explains how the demand for and price of land decreases as its distance from the central business district increases
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Plants/animals with DNA altered by humans
Organic farming Farming that does not use chemicals or sometimes GMOs
Aquaculture Farming of marine life
Sustainable agriculture Farm practices that protect the environment
Local–food movements Commitment to eating food produced nearby
Value added crops Ex. yogurt, ground coffee, jams
Economies of scale Cost advantages that can come with a larger scale of operations
Food desert area with no grocery store nearby
Long lot Land divided into narrow strips that were only 350 to 600 feet wide but ten times as deep, usually along a river.
metes and bounds limits or boundaries of a tract of land as identified by natural landmarks, such as rivers, or by man-made structures
townships & range Rectangular land division
market gardening produces fruits, vegetables, flowers that serves a specific urban area
pastoral nomadism animals are moved seasonally; requires lots of land
plantation farming large scale farms that often crop one crop (ex. cotton, coffee)
shifting cultivation growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land and then moving to a new piece of land
mixed crop and livestock systems both crops and livestock are raised for profit
grain farming growing crops like wheat, rye, corn
slash and burn clearing land then burning it to get more nutrient rich soil; then moving to a new piece of land
ranching breeding cattle; commercial herding of animals; extensive agriculture
Created by: jpastel
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