click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Powell Bio U5 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Prophase | the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division. |
Metaphase | the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers. |
Anaphase | the stage in mitosis or meiosis following metaphase in which the daughter chromosomes move away from each other to opposite ends of the cell. |
Telophase | the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. |
Genome | the complete set of genetic information in an organism. It provides all of the information the organism requires to function. In living organisms, the genome is stored in long molecules of DNA called chromosomes. |
Parent/mother cell | In cell division, a mother or parent cell is the cell that divides to give rise to two daughter cells |
Daughter cell | cells that result from the reproductive division of one cell during mitosis or meiosis. |
Chromatin | the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA. |
Chromosome | A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is made up of proteins and DNA organized into genes. Each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes |
Centrosomes | a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division. Before cell division, the centrosome duplicates and then, as division begins, the two centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. |
Nucleoli | The nucleolus is the distinct structure present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Primarily, it participates in assembling the ribosomes, alteration of transfer RNA and sensing cellular stress |
Spindle apparatus | In cell biology, the spindle apparatus (or mitotic spindle) refers to the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells |
Cytokinesis | Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis starts during the nuclear division phase called anaphase and continues through telophase. |
Sister chromatids | either of the two identical chromatids that are formed by replication of a chromosome during the S phase of the cell cycle, are joined by a centromere, and segregate into separate daughter cells during anaphase. |
Mitosis | a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells |