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TSHPS Psychobiology

TSHPS Psychobiology Terms

QuestionAnswer
Nervous System Body's electrochemical, fast communication system.
Neurons Receive information, carry the information, pass the information on to the next neurons (gland/muscle).
Dendrites Receive Information - conduct information towards the cell body.
Cell Body (Soma) Life functions, interprets messages received.
Axon Sends messages down the length of the cell body.
Myelin Sheath Layers of fatty tissue that insulate the neuron and speeds up the transmission of the neural impulse.
Axon Terminals End points of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored.
Resting Potential State of a neuron when it is at rest and capable of generating an action potential.
Action Potential Brief electrical charge that travels down the axon.
Refractory Period Brief recharging phase when neuron cannot generate another action potential.
All-or-None Principle States that neuron fires, then it always fires at the same intensity: all action potentials have the same strength.
Threshold The level of stimulation needed to generate an action potential.
Synapse Junction between axon terminal of sending neuron and dendrite of cell body of receiving neuron.
Synaptic Gap of Cleft Gap between neurons.
Neurotransmitters Chemical messengers-travel across the synaptic gap to carry information to next neuron.
Excitatory Effect Push the neuron to generate action potential.
Inhibitory Effect Prevents the neuron from generating an action potential.
Reuptake Neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the sending (presynaptic) neuron.
Diffusion Neurotransmitters diffuse out of the synaptic gap and disperse into the body.
Enzymes Break down neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap.
The Neural Chain Describes the path information follows.
Receptor Cells Specialized cells in every sensory system of the body that can turn other kinds of energy into action potentials.
Sensory Neurons Nerves that carry information from the sense receptors to spinal cord and brain.
Interneurons In the brain and the spinal cord-process information.
Motor Neurons Carry the brains decisions to muscles and glands so these organs can carry out these actions.
Simple Reflex Can initiate response without input from the brain.
Acetylcholine (ACh) Muscle action, learning and memory.
Dopamine Movement, Attention, Learning, Emotion. Reward or pleasure pathways in the brain.
Serotonin Mood, Arousal, Sleep, Hunger
Norepinephrine Alertness and Arousal
GABA Major inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Glutamate Major excitatory neurotransmitter.
Endorphins Brian's own naturally occurring opiate.
Agonist Drug that boosts the effect of a neurotransmitter.
Antagonist Drug that blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter.
Central Nervous System Processes information and transmits incoming and outgoing messages. Brain processes information, spinal cord transmits incoming and outgoing information.
Peripheral Nervous System Gathers information and transmits messages.
Somatic Nervous System Voluntary muscle movement and sensory intake.
Autonomic Nervous System Runs glands, and internal organ muscles; involuntary functions.
Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System Gears up body to deal with potential threats; fight or flight response.
Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous System Calms body back down; rest and digest.
Endocrine System Body's slow chemical communication system. Set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream-longer lasting effects.
Hormones Chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream and affect other tissues.
Hypothalamus Part of Nervous System but controls pituitary gland of Endocrine system; monitors and influenced by levels of hormones in blood.
Pituitary Gland master gland of the endocrine system-controls other endocrine glands.
Growth Hormone (Pituitary Hormone) Physical development and muscle recovery.
Oxytocin Pair bonding, social trust, birthing, milk flow, orgasm.
Pituitary Influences Release of hormones of other glands, feedback system.
Adrenal Glands Epinephrine/adrenaline, norepinephrine/noradrenaline. Fight or flight.
Sex Glands Hormones that influence emotion, physical development & reproduction.
Ovaries Estrogens
Testes Testosterone
Thyroid Affects metabolism.
Parathyroid Regulates calcium in blood.
Pancreas Regulates the level of sugar in the blood by releasing insulin.
Created by: ambooth
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