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13.03
Digestion and digestive tract
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anus | the distal opening of the digestive tract |
| cecum | the pouch at the beginning of the large intestine |
| colon | the major portion of the large intestine from the cecum to the rectum made of ascending, transverse, and descending parts |
| duodenum | the first part of the small intestine |
| enzyme | an organic catalyst that speeds the rate of chemical reactions |
| esophagus | the muscular tube of the digestive system that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach |
| feces | waste material eliminated from the intestine |
| ileum | the terminal portion of the small intestine |
| intestine | the portion of the digestive tract between the stomach and the anus has roles in digestion, absorption, and elimination of waste |
| jejunum | the middle part of the small intestine |
| lacteal | a lymphatic capillary in the villi of the small intestine absorbs digested fats into lymph |
| large intestine | terminal part of dig. tract; cecum, colon, rectum, anus; stores & eliminates undigested waste |
| lower esophageal spincter (LES) | the muscle tissue at the end of the esophagus that prevents stomach contents from refluxing into the esophagus |
| mastication | chewing |
| mouth | the oral cavity contains the tongue and teeth chews food, mixes it with saliva, and moves it toward the throat to be swallowed |
| palate | the roof of the mouth the anterior portion is made of bone (hard palate) the posterior portion is made of tissue (soft palate) |
| peristalsis | wave-like contractions of an organ's walls moves material through an organ or duct |
| peritoneum | the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and supports the abdominal organs |
| pharynx | the throat usually where food enters the esophagus and air enters the larynx |
| pylorus | the stomach's distal opening into the duodenum controlled by the pyloric spincter |
| rectum | the distal portion of the large intestine stores and eliminates undigested waste |
| sailva | a secretion into the mouth that moistens food and contains starch-digesting enzymes |
| sigmoid colon | the S-shaped distal portion of the large intestine between the descending colon and the rectum |
| small intestine | the intestine between the stomach and large intestine includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum where the accessory organs secrete the site of most digestion and absorption |
| stomach | the muscular organ below the diaphragm that stores food and secretes juices to digest proteins |
| uvula | the fleshy mass hanging from the soft palate aids in speech production |
| villi | small projections in the lining of the small intestine absorb digested foods into circulation |
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