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01 Science 5
Minerals and Rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cleavage | characteristic of a mineral to break along smooth, straight lines or into flat sheets |
| coal | rocklike substance that forms from decayed plant matter |
| core | center of the earth that is thought to be under great heat and pressure |
| crust | thin outer layer of the earth |
| crystal structure | particles of a mineral are in an orderly arrangement |
| erosion | movement of sediment from one place to another |
| explain how the Flood contributed to the formation of sedimentary rocks | waters of the Flood could have stirred up great amounts of dirt and particles that would settle into layers as the water receded |
| fracture | breaking of a mineral unevenly in many directions |
| gemstone | mineral that can be cut and polished for use |
| geologists | -scientists who study the structure, rocks, and minerals of the earth -classify rocks according to how they form |
| hardness | characteristic of a mineral can be determined by how easily it can scratch other minerals |
| how weathering and erosion help people find minerals | remove the surface material and expose lower levels of the earth |
| igneous | -rock formed from volcanic lava or magma -obsidian and pumice |
| inorganic | substance made of things that have never been alive |
| lava | magma that flows out onto the surface of the earth |
| luster | the way a mineral reflects light |
| magma | hot melted rock under the surface of the earth |
| mantle | -middle layer of the earth -makes up most of the earth's mass |
| metamorphic | -rock formed by heat and pressure deep below the crust of the earth -slate and marble |
| mineral | -inorganic substance found naturally in the earth -can form from cooled melted rock -found on the earth's surface or found in veins buried in the earth's crust |
| Mohs scale | used to determine hardness of minerals |
| organic | particles in the soil that were once part of a living thing |
| precious stones | gemstones that are beautiful and rare |
| rock | -hard natural substance made of one or more minerals -sometimes contains organic materials |
| sediment | small bits of weathered rock |
| sedimentary | -rock formed when layers of sediment and organic material are pressed and cemented together -limestone and conglomerate -most of the rocks formed during the Flood |
| soil | loose material on the surface of the earth in which plants grow |
| streak | the color of the mark left by the mineral when it is rubbed on a harder surface |
| Uses of minerals | toothpaste, fertilizer, dry wall, pottery, electronic, glass, foods, drinks, medicines, paint |
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