Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Chap 6 vocab

The human body

Question	Answer
abdomen	body cavity w/ major organs or digestion and excretion below diaphragm above pelvis
acetabulum	depression on lateral pelvis where the femoral head fits
adams apple	prominence of cartilage in upper larynx- in men also called the thyroid cartilage
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)	nucleotide- energy metabolism; stores energy
adrenal glands	endocrine glands- on top of kindneys- release adrenaline when stimulated by PNS
adrenergic	nerves that release norepinephrine or noradrenaline
aerobic metabolism	metabolism that works IN the presence of oxygen
agonal gasps	abnormal, slow/gasping breathes, seen sometimes w cardiac arrest INEFFECTIVE BREATHS
alpha-adrenergic receptors	part of the nervous system that when stimulated cause constriction of blood vessels
alveoli	air sacs of the lungs where exchange of 02 and C02 takes place
anaerobic metabolism	metabolism that takes place in the absence of 02 byproduct=lactic acid
anatomic position	Pt standing forward, arms at side, palms forward
aorta	main artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body
appendicular skeleton	comprises the arms, legs, pelvis and shoulder girdle
appendix	small, tubular- attached to lower border of cecum (in the LRQ of abdomen)
arterioles	smallest branches of arteries- leads to network of capillaries
articular cartilage	covers the articular surfaces (contact surfaces on the end) of bones- in synovial joints
atrium	2 upper chambers of the heart
autonomic nervous system	regulates functions that are nonvoluntary (digestion, sweating)
axial skeleton	skull, spinal column and rib cage
ball-and-socket joint	allows internal and external rotation and bending (ie: shoulder, hip)
beta-adrenergic receptors	part of nervous system that when stimulated cause an increased forced of contraction of the heart and can increase heart rate and bronchial dilation
biceps	large muscles- front of humorous
bile ducts	convey bile between the liver and intestine
blood pressure (BP)	pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries
brachial artery	major vessels in upper extremities- supplies blood to arm
brain	controlling organ of body
brain stem	between spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by cerebellum; controls life functions
capillary vessels	tiny blood vessels between arterioles and venules that allow transfer of 02, C02, nutrients, and waste between tissue and the blood
cardiac muscle	heart muscle, creates internal electrical current
cardiac output (CO)	measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 min Stroke volume times heartrate
carotid artery	major artery that supplies blood to the head and brain
cartilage	smooth connective tissue- supports structure, cushions bones
cecum	first part of large intestine, where the ileum opens
central nervous system (CNS)	the brain and spinal cord
cerebellum	the "little brain"
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)	fluid that flows to protect the brain and spinal cord
cerebrum	largest part of the brain- gray matter made up of lobes that control movement, hearing, balance, speech, vision, emotion, or personality
cervical spine	first 7 vertebrae- in the neck
chordae tendineae	thin band of fibrous tissue that attach valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting
chyme	substance that leaves the stomach (eaten foods w stomach acids)
circulatory system	complex arrangement of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins- moves blood, 02, nutrients, C02 and cellular waste
clavicle	the collar bone
coccyx	last 3-4 vertebrae (the tail bone)
coronal plane	line that divided the body into front and back parts (imaginary)
cranium	area of head above the ears and eyes; the skull- contains the brain
cricoid cartilage	firm ridge of cartilage that forms lower part of the larynx
cricothyroid membrane	thin sheet of fascia that connects thyroid and cricoid cartilages that make up the larynx
dead space	part of the airway that contains air but there's no gas Exhange (ventilation but not respiration)
dermis	inner layer of the skin
diaphragm	muscular dome- forms undersurface of thorax- separates chest from abdominal cavity contractions bring air into the lungs and relaxion allows air to be propelled out of the lungs
diastole	relaxation of the ventricles in the heart
diffusion	movement of gas from a HIGH area of concentration TO a LOW area
digestion	processing of food
dorsalis pedis artery	artery on anterior surface of foot
endocrine system	complex message and control system that integrates body functions (release of hormones)
enzymes	designed to speed up some biochemical reactions
epidermis	outer layer of skin
epiglottis	thin, grouping of cells that's sealed together to form a tight protective covering for food from entering the airway
epinephrine	hormone produced by adrenal glands- vital role in sympathetic Nervous system
esophagus	collapsable tube- extends from pharynx to stomach- propels food and liquids into stomach
expiratory reserve volume	amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled
extension	straightening of a joint
fallopian tube	long, slender tubes- extend from uterus to ovaries- where the ovum passes
femoral artery	major artery of the thigh- supplies blood to the lower extermities
femoral head	proximal end of the femur
femur	the thighbone; longest and strongest bone
flexion	bending of a joint
foramen magnum	large opening in the skull that allows brain to connect to spinal cord
frontal bone	forehead- bone
gallbladder	sac on undersurface of liver- collects bile from liver and discharges it through the bile duct
genital system	reproductive system
germinal layer	deepest layer of epidermis where new skin cells are formed
greater trochanter	bone prominence of the proximal. lateral side of thigh
hair follicles	small organs that produce hair
heart rate	number of heartbeats in 1 min
hinge joint	bend and straighten, but cannot rotate (ie: elbow)
hormones	substances formed in organs/glands that are carries to an organ- regulate many body functions
humorous	bone of the upper arm
hydrostatic pressure	pressure of water against the walls of its container
hypoxic drive	"backup system" to control respiration
ilium	one of the 3 bones that fuse to form the pelvic ring
inferior vena cava	large vein; carries blood from the lower extremities and pelvis to the heart
inspiratory reserve volume	amount of air that can be inhaled in 1 breath
interstitial space	space between cells
ischium	one of the bones that form the pelvic ring
joint (articulation)	where 2 bones come in contact
joint capsule	fibrous sac that encloses a joint
kidneys	2 organs that excrete the end products of metabolism as urine- regulates the body's salt and water content
labored breathing	use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist when ventilation is impaired
lactic acid	by-product of broken down glucose- accumulates when anaerobic metabolism occurs
large intestine	encircles the abdomen around the small intestine; helps regulate water balance and eliminate solid waste
lesser trochanter	projection on the medial, superior portion of femur
ligament	connects bone to bone, strengthens joint
liver	RUQ, immediately below diaphragm; produced bile, stores glucose, and produces substances that help immune response
lumbar spine	lower part of the spine, lowest 5
lymph	thin fluid that carries 02, nutrients, and hormones to cells and carries metabolic waste away
lymph nodes	tiny, oval shaped structures in places among the lymph vessels that filter lymph
manubrium	upper part of the sternum
maxillae	upper jawbones
medulla oblongata	in the spinal cord, conduction pathway; coordinates HR, blood vessel diameter, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
metabolism (cellular respiration)	process that results in production of energy from nutrients within cells
midbrain	helping to regulate the level of consciousness
midsagittal plane	midline, divides body into equal left and right halves
minute volume	amount of air moved in and out the lungs per min TV times RR
motor nerves	carry info from the CNS to the muscles
mucous membranes	lining of body cavities and passages that communicate with the environment outside the body
mucus	water secretion of the mucous membrane that lubricates the body openings
myocardium	heart muscle
nasopharynx	part of pharynx, above the roof of mouth, nose opening
norepinephrine	neurotransmitter (and drug) used to reverse the effects of shock; produces vasoconstriction (fight-or flight) through Alpha-stimulators
occiput	most posterior part of cranium
oncotic pressure	pressure of water to move typically int the capillary as a result of the presence of plasma proteins
orbit	eye socket
oropharynx	part of the pharynx that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus
ovaries	produces sex hormones and eggs
pancreas	lies below the liver and stomach; major source of digestive enzymes and insulin
parasympathetic nervous system	controls involuntary functions
parietal bone	bones that lie between the temporal and occipital region of cranium
pathophysiology	study of how normal physiological processes are affected by disease
perfusion	the circulation of oxygenated blood to organs that meets the cells current needs
peripheral nervous system	spinal nerves, cranial nerves (sensory, motor, or connecting)
peristalsis	wavelike contraction of smooth muscle- how some organs propel their contents
plasma	stick, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients and transports cellular waste to organs for excretion
pleura	membrane covering the lungs and lining the thorax, closes the pleural space
pleural space	potential space
pons	controls sleep, respiration, and the medullary respitory center
posterior tibial artery	behind the medial malleolus; supplies blood to the foot
prostate gland	small gland surrounding the urethra where it emerges from the bladder; secrets sperm
pubic symphysis	where the two halves of the pelvic ring come together at a joint with minimal motion
pulmonary artery	leads from right ventricle to the lungs; carries 02 poor blood
pulmonary veins	4 veins that return oxygenated blood to left atrium
pulse	wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out of the left ventricle
radial artery	major artery in the forearm; on the wrist, on thumb side
rectum	lowest part of colon
erythrocytes	red blood cells; carry 02 to tissues
renal pelvis	collects urine from the kidneys and funnels it though the ureter into the bladder
residual volume	air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhale
respiration	inhaling and exhaling of air; psychological process that exchanges C02 from fresh air
respiratory compromise	inability of the body to move gas effectively
reticular activating system	in upper part of brain stem; Maintenace of consciousness (specifically level of arousal)
retroperitoneal	behind the abdominal cavity
sacroiliac joint	joint between the pelvis and vertebral column
sacrum	one of the three bones that makes up the pelvic ring; 5 fused sacral vertebrae
sagittal plane	imaginary line dividing the body into left and right parts
salivary glands	produce saliva to keep the mouth and pharynx moist
sebaceous glands	produce oily substance called sebum that discharges along the shafts of hairs
sensory nerves	carry sensations for touch, taste, smell, temperature, and pain from the body to CNS
hypoperfusion	shock; state of inadequate 02 and nutrient delivery to the cells
shoulder girdle	upper extremities; clavicale, scapula and humerous
skeletal muscle	muscles thats attached to bones and usually 1 joint
small intestine	between the stomach and cecum
smooth muscle	involuntary muscle, automatic activities; bulk of the gastrointestinal tract
somatic nervous system	regulates activities that are voluntary
sphincters	muscles arranged in circles that can decrease the diameter of tubes; found in rectum, bladder, blood vessels
sphygmomanometer	device to measure BP
stratum corneal layer	outermost/dead layer of skin
stroke volume	amount of blood pumped with each ventricular contraction
subcutaneous tissue	largely fat; lies directly under the dermis; insulator of the body
symphysis	type of join that has grown together to form a very stable connection
synovial fluid	fluid within a joint; used as lubricant
synovial membrane	lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid
systematic circulation	portion of the circulatory system outside of the heart and lungs
systemic vascular resistance (SRV)	related to the amount of dilation or constriction in the blood vessel; the resistance it must overcome
systole	the contraction of the ventricles
tendons	attaches muscles to bone
testicles	produces hormones and sperm
thyroid cartilage	forms the upper part of the larynx; adams apple
tidal volume	amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in one relaxed breath; about 500mL for and adult
topographic anatomy	superficial landmarks of the body that guide the location of whats beneath
trachea	windpipe; passes air to and from the lungs
transverse (axial) plane	imaginary line where the body divided into top and bottom
tunica media	middle, thickest layer of blood vessel; allow expansion of constriction
ureter	small tub that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
urethra	conveys urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
vagina	tube that connects the uterus with the vulva; birth canal
vasa differentia	spermatic duct of the testicles
ventilation	movement of air
V/Q ratio	measurement that examines how much gas is moved effectively and how much blood is flowing around the alveoli where perfusion occurs
leukocytes	white blood cells; body's immune defense mechanism
zygomas	cheek bones

Created by: emt2023bucher

Popular Paramedic/EMT sets

Basic terms

EMT-100 (Anatomy and Physiology terms)

EMS Trauma Patient Assessment - Ch.10 - Emergency Care 10th ed.

12-Lead ECG basics.

Vital Signs

Paramedic Drugs

Drug Name, Indications, Contra, Effects, Side Effects, How Supplied and Route

EMS Medical/Trauma Pathopysiology and Differential Diagnosis Practice

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: