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Anemia
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gerontologic considerations for anemia
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Anemias

All types of anemias

QuestionAnswer
Anemia reduction in circulating RBCs or hemoglobin resulting in poor tissue perfusion, blood flow shunted to vital organs
gerontologic considerations for anemia anemia is not normal, often related to an underlying cause and signs/symptoms may go unrecognized
common s/s that may be associated with normal aging pallor, increased fatigue, confusion. ataxia, worsening respiratory pr cardiovascular problems
iron deficiency anemia causes inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, blood loss,
clinical signs of iron deficiency anemia pallor, glossitis. chelitis, headache, paresthesias
treatment of iron deficiency anemia treat underlying disease, replace iron with oral supplements or transfusion of packed RBCs
oral iron supplements considerations best absorbed in acidic environment so take with vitamin C or orange juice take an hour before meals liquid iron may stain teeth
side effects of oral iron constipation, heartburn, diarrhea and black stools
megaloblastic anemia group of disorders caused by impaired DNA synthesis and presence of megaloblasts majority results from deficiency in B12 or folic acid
treatment of megaloblastic anemia b12 or folic acid supplements given in form of IM injections daily for 2 weeks - B12
chronic disease anemia uderproduction of RBCs and shortening of RBC survival
chronic disease anemia causes cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases, heart failure and chronic inflammation
treatment of chronic disease anemia treat underlying chronic disorder
aplastic anemia Pancytopenia along with hypocellular bone marrow
diagnostic studies decreased hemoglobin, WBCs, and platelets bone marrow biopsy shows hypocellular with increased fat content
supportive care for aplastic anemia prevent complications from hemorrhage and infection stem cell transplant immunosuppression
causes of aplastic anemia chemicals and toxins, drugs (NSAIDs, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbials), radiation, viral / bacterial infections
blood loss anemia diagnostic studies decreased RBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrit but values will not decrease immediately
treatment for blood loss anemia replace fluid, identify source of loss, may require transfusion, may need supplemental iron to treat anemia,
Anemia due to destruction hemolytic (destruction of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production)
symptoms of anemia due to destruction can cause... liver and spleen to enlarge, jaundice and elevated bilirubin levels
treatment of anemia due to destruction focus on maintaining renal function
assessment of anemia decrease circulating volume - signs of shock decreased oxygenation- signs of impaired gas exchange compensatory mechanisms - increased HR
RBC normal men - 4.32-5.72 women- 3.9-5.0
hgb normal men- 13.2 -17.3 women- 11.7-15.5
hct normal men- 39-50 women- 36-47
wbc count normal 4,000-11,000
platelet normal 150,000-450,000
b12 normal 200-835
folate normal 3-16
iron normal 50-175
Created by: ebrewer12
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