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Research Methods 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many conditions required in any experiment | at least 2 |
| One way design | 1 IV, 1 main effect, no interactions, at least 2 conditions |
| Two way design | 2 IVs, 2 main effects, 1 interaction, at least 2 conditions |
| Between subjects designs | IV manipulated across groups |
| Randomized groups | participants randomly assigned to each condition |
| Matched participants | matched using subject variable to make groups equal |
| Within subjects designs | every participant assigned to all levels |
| Factorial designs | at least 2 IVs, at least 2 levels each (2X2) |
| Main effect | effect of only one variable, ignores other variables (=number IVs) |
| Interaction | the effect of one variable depends on another variable |
| Inferential statistics | used to determine if difference is large enough to be due to something other than EV |
| p-value | probability effect caused by EV |
| alpha value | p-value, .05, probability effect caused by EV |
| Type I error | wrongly reject null |
| Type II error | wrongly fail to reject null |
| Worse type of error | Type I error |
| Effect size | strength of relationship btw variables |
| Variance accounted for | proportion accounted for by a different variable |
| Cohen's D equation | difference in group means/EV |
| Criticism of NHST | P doesn't provide effect size |
| Confidence interval | range of likely values for population mean (M+/-2.5) |
| Effect size equation | systematic variance/total variance |
| Pearson's R | measures effect size using systematic difference |
| Cohen's D | measures effect size using difference of means |
| When is the t-test used? | two-group experiment |
| Directional hypothesis | predicts how means will differ |
| Nondirectional hypothesis | predicts that means will be different |
| t-test | difference of means/EV; positive or negative |
| t>critical value | statistically significant difference |
| t<critical value | statistically insignificant difference |
| Criticism of multiple t-tests | increases type 1 error by 5% |
| When is ANOVA used? | more than two groups |
| F ratio | systematic variance/error variance; positive (uses square root of T) |
| Idiographic research | individuals |
| Nomothetic research | groups |
| Interparticipant variance | differences between participants |
| Intraparticipant variance | differences in individual over time/situation |
| ABAB design | singe-subject baseline design |
| ABACAC/ABC design | multiple interventions |
| When is multiple baseline design used? | When returning to baseline not possible |
Created by:
karadub03
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