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Weather
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Map | A flat, 2-dimensional drawing of land and water. |
| Globe | A spherical scale model of the Earth. |
| Latitude | Geographic coordinate that specifies the north or south of the Equator. |
| Longitude | Distance measured in degrees east or west from an imaginary line (called the prime meridian) that goes from he North Pole to the South Pole and that passes through Greenwich, England. |
| Hemisphere | A half of the earth, usually divided into northern and southern halves by the equator, or into western and eastern halves by a imaginary line passing through the poles. |
| Weather | The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, and precipitation. |
| Climate | The average weather conditions in an area over a long period. |
| Clouds | A collection of millions of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. |
| Condensation | The process of changing from a gas to a liquid. |
| Cirrus Clouds | White wispy clouds that form at high altitudes and are always made of ice crystals. |
| Hygrometer | An instrument for measuring the humidity of the air or a gas. |
| Cumulus Clouds | Fair weather clouds with white puffy tops and dark flat bottoms. |
| Stratus Clouds | Lowest clouds that cover the sky like a thick grey blanket. |
| Cumulonimbus Clouds | A huge vertical cloud that can produce a thunderstorm |
| Nimbo/Nimbus | Precipitating cloud, such as nimbostratus or cumulonimbus cloud |
| Rain | Moisture condensed from the atmosphere that falls visibly in separate drops. |
| Freezing Rain | Rain that freezes on impact with the ground or solid objects. |
| Sleet | A form of precipitation consisting of ice pellets, often mixed with rain or snow. |
| Snow | Atmospheric water vapor frozen into ice crystals and falling in light white flakes or lying on the ground as a white layer. |
| Hail | Pellets of frozen rain which fall in showers from cumulonimbus clouds. |
| Rain Gauge | A device for collecting and measuring the amount of rain which falls. |
| Wind vane | A weather instrument that shows the direction the wind is coming from |
| Anemometer | A weather instrument that measures wind speed |
| Land Breeze | A breeze blowing toward the sea from the land, especially at night, because the sea is warmer than the land. |
| Sea Breeze | A breeze blowing toward the land from the sea, especially during the day, because the land is warmer than the sea |
| Global winds | Winds that are high up in the atmosphere. |
| Prevailing westerlies | Prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. |
| Polar easterlies | Form when the atmosphere over the poles cools. |
| Trade winds | A wind blowing steadily towards the equator from the northeast in the northern hemisphere or the southeast in the southern hemisphere, especially at sea. |
| Jet steams | A steady worldwide wind that blows from west to east high above Earth. |
| Air pressure | The weight of the air pushing on everything around it. |
| Barometer | A weather instrument that measures air pressure. |
| Low pressure | Cloudy skies, rain, storms, small chance of snow. |
| High pressure | Clear skies, dry weather, nice and sunny, fair weather. |
| Cold front | Brings cooler and drier air once it passes, weather at the front has brief heavy thunderstorms, possibly strong winds, blizzards and tornadoes and cumulonimbus clouds can form. |
| Warm front | Brings warmer, more humid air once it passes, weather at the front have constant and steady showers, and stratus, nimbostratus and fog can form. |
| Gulf Stream | a warm current that starts near the equator and moves from Florida all the way to Iceland |
| Atmosphere | The envelope of gasses surrounding the earth |
| Precipitation | water that falls to the Earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. |
| Evaporation | the process of changing from a liquid to a gas |
| air mass | a large “bubble” of air that has about the same |
| La Nina/El Nino | unusual warming or cooling of the seawater in the Pacific Ocean |
| Temperature | the average speed of the particles in a substance |
| air pressure | the weight of the air pushing on everything around it |
| Humidity | water vapor in the air |
| Thermometer | a tool that measures temperature |
| front | a place where one air mass meets and pushes aside another air mass |
| Hurricane | a very large and violent tropical storm |
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