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BNS 107 Week 13
Learning & Memory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hippocampal formation | Where information is stored temporarily |
| Retrograde amnesia | losing memories that were gained prior to the surgery (usually decades before the surgery, but they can sometimes remember things in their distant past) |
| Confabulation | when people lose their memories, they will fabricate stories and facts to make up for those missing from their memories |
| Declarative memory | “knowing that”, something you can declare with your voice (dates, events, etc). Requires the hippocampus. |
| Water maze | a tank of murky water from which they could escape quickly by learning the location of a platform submerged just under the water’s surface |
| Radial arm maze | a maze that has a center platform and many “arms” coming away from the platform, rats who have a damaged hippocampus were unable to remember which arms they have been down |
| Extinction | involves new learning, an old behavior will go extinct if it becomes unlearned and unused after long periods of time |
| Alzheimer’s disease | A disorder characterized by progressive brain deterioration and impairment of memory and other mental abilities; the most common cause of dementia. |
| Hebb rule | If an axon of a presynaptic neuron is active while the postsynaptic neuron is firing, the synapse between them will be strengthened, Neurons that fire together, wire together |
| Motor learning | a complex process occurring in the brain in response to practice or experience of a certain skill resulting in changes in the central nervous system. It allows for the production of a new motor skill. |
| Long term potentiation (LTP) | a persistent strengthening of synapses that results from the simultaneous activation of presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons |
| Anterograde amnesia | the inability to form new memories |
| Korsakoff’s syndrome | A form of dementia in which brain deterioration is almost always caused by chronic alcoholism |
| Consolidation | brain forms permanent representation of memory (short term memory (seconds to hours), long term memory (hours to months), and long-lasting memory (months to lifetime)) |
| Nondeclarative memory | “knowing how”, things like learned skills, you can verbally declare it, but it doesn’t make it true. The striatum is required |
| Place cells | Cells in the hippocampus that increase their firing rate when the individual is in a specific location in the environment. |
| Working memory | A form of short-term memory that provides a temporary “register” for information while it is being used |
| Associative LTP | weak synapse strengthened through induction |
| Forgetting | memories dissipate at least somewhat over time if they are not used frequently, this is how the brain clears out unnecessary information |
| Retrieval | accessing stored memories, requires glutamate |
| What are the types of amnesia? | Retrograde and Anterograde |
| Who is patient H.M and how was he important to neuroscience? | He had epileptic seizures so he had his hippocampus/amygdala removed. His epilepsy was cured, but he had severe anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia. He could keep his nondeclarative memories, like his learned skills |
| What are some ideas as to how memories are stored at the molecular level? |
Created by:
Lee543
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