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ECG Notes 4-17-10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amount of blood that is circulated through the body in one minute is called? | Cardiac output |
| Amount of blood that is pumped in one contraction of the heart. | Stroke volume |
| What units are used to measure cardiac output? | Liters per minute |
| What is the equation to figure cardiac output? | Heartrate X Stroke volume (70 beats divded by(/)minute X 70 ml divided by (/) beat = 4,900ml/min. Changed by: 4,900/1000 becomes 4.9L/min |
| What is normal ECG paper speed? | 25mm |
| What speed is used for a person with high BP or a infant? | 50 mm (MUST note on paper) |
| How is the ECG done differently for infants? | Both left and right sides and tested because a babies heart is more centered |
| How is a 'q' described? | As the first negative |
| How is a 'r' described? | As the first positive |
| How is a 's' described? | As the first negative after the first postive |
| What is the normal QRS deration? | .08 - .12 sec |
| What is the normal QT interval deration? | .32 - .44 sec |
| What is the primary intrecellular ion? | Potassium |
| What is the primary extracellular ion? | Sodium |
| What mechanism actively transports ions across the membrane against its electrochemical gradient? | Sodium-potassium pump |
| What makes up the His - Purkinje system? | Bundle of His , - Right and Left bundle branches - Purkinje fibers |
| What is the name of the dominant pacemaker? | Sinoatrial or sinus node (SA Node) |
| Where is the SA node located? | The wall of the upper right atrium near the inlet of the superior vena cava |
| What is the normal rate for the the SA node? | 60 to 100 beats/minute |
| What is the discharge rate of the AV node? (Also called the depolarization rate of the AV node.) | 40 - 60 beats/minute |
| What is the discharge rate of the His - Purkinje system? | 20 - 40 beats/minute |
| What are the three functions of the Av node? | 1 - Slow down conduction through the AV node; 2 - Serve as a backup pacemaker; 3 - Block some of the impulses when atrail rate is rapid |
| How is the AV node represented on the ECG tracing? | The flat line of the PR interval |
| P wave depicts what? | Atrial depolarization or the spread of the impulse from the SA node throughout the atrial |
| The PR interval represents what? | Time from the onset of atrial depolarization to the onset of ventricular depolarization |
| The PR segment represents what? | Used as the baseline to evaluate elevation or depression of the ST segment. Delay in the AV node. (Shows on ECG paper by the isoelectric (flat) line between the end of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex) |
| What does the QRS complex depict? | Ventricular depolarization or the spread of the impulse throughout the ventricles |
| The does the ST segment represent? | The end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization |
| What does the T wave represent? | the latter phase of ventricular repolarization |
| What does the QT interval represent? | Both ventricular depolarization & repolarization |
| What does a cardiac cycle consist of? | One complete heart beat |
| Define positive deflection - | Any wave form above the isoelectric line |
| Define negative deflection - | Any wave form below the isoelectric line |
| Define Absolute refactory period - | cardiac cells have depolarized and are in the process of repolarizing. (Cells cannot respond to a stimulas) |
| How is the Absolute refactory period shown on ECG paper? | From the onset of the QRS complex to the peak of the T wave. |
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