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ECON 202
Macroeconomics Final Exam: Chapter 12 AD-AS Model
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Aggregate Demand (AD) Curve: | measures how much consumers want to buy at each price level |
if P rises in AD curve, according to the wealth effect... | buying power of money and other wealth falls, consumers feel poorer and buy less (C decreases) |
if P rises in AD curve, according to the wealth effect... | more money is required to buy a given quantity of g/s, increase demand for money causing increase in interest rates, higher interest rates makes borrowing less attractive and reduces I |
Wealth effect of AD curve | inverse relationship between price (P) and consumer spending (C) |
Interest-rate effect of AD curve | inverse relationship between price (P) and Investment Spending (I) |
What factors would cause you to "move along" the AD curve? | price level changes, all else constant |
What factors would cause you to "shift" entire AD curve? | changes in expectations, changes in wealth, macro policy |
When is expansionary macro policy used in an economy? | to combat a recession, to expand/ increase demand |
When is contractionary macro policy used in an economy? | reins in a boom, to reduce demand |
What is the effect of expansionary macro policy on AD curve? | Increase AD, shift AD curve to right (outward) |
What is the effect of contractionary macro policy on AD curve? | Decrease AD, shift AD curve to left (inward) |
Fiscal Policy is changes in... | gov. purchases, taxes, transfer programs |
Monetary Policy is changes in... | money supply, interest rates |
Short-Run Aggregate Supply (SRAS) Curve | relationship between fixed price (P) and amount of output supplied |
What factors would cause you to "move along" the SRAS curve? | price level changes, all else constant |
What factors would cause you to "shift" entire SRAS curve? | Changes in commodity prices, changes in nominal wages, changes in productivity |
Long-Run Aggregate Supply (LRAS) Curve | relationship between price (P) and real GDP (Y) supplied when price levels are fully flexible Vertical at Potential Output (Yp) |
What determines Yp? | K, H, T |
What are the conditions of Yp? | what the economy is able to produce when resources are fully utilized, unemployment at its natural rate ("full employment") |
What curve do demand shocks shift? | AD |
A positive demand shock will... | Increase AD, shift curve to right |
A negative demand shock will... | Decrease AD, shift curve to left |
What curve do supply shocks shift? | SRAS |
A negative supply shock will... | Shift SRAS to the left |
A positive supply shock will... | shift SRAS to the right |
When do output gaps occur? | when economy is not in LR equilibrium |
In an output gap, if Y is below Yp... | recessionary gap |
In an output gap, if Y is above Yp... | inflationary gap |
How will the economy self-correct in a recessionary gap? | the economy is operating below potential, so there is high unemployment and idling capacity. Over time, costs of wages will fall, SRAS will shift right, will go back to LR equilibrium |
Recessionary gaps can be a result of _____ shocks | negative supply or negative demand |
How will the economy self-correct in a inflationary gap? | the economy is operating above potential, so there is low unemployment and tight capacity. Over time, costs of wages will rise, SRAS will shift left, will go back to LR equilibrium |
Inflationary gaps can be a result of _____ shocks | positive demand |