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science mcas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water Cycle | Water is constantly moving through the whole Earth |
| Hydrosphere | The earth's water, the source of energy for this process is the sun |
| Why do phase changes in water happen? | temperature change |
| liquid to gas | evaporation |
| gas to liquid | condensation |
| liquid to solid | freezing |
| solid to liquid | melting |
| parts of the water cycle: | evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltiation, transpiration |
| evaporation | water moves from oceans or lakes to the atmosphere |
| condensation | water changes from gas to liquid in the atmosphere |
| precipitation | water falls from atmosphere back to earth |
| infitration | water soaks into the ground |
| transpiration | water moves from trees to the atmosphere |
| weather | the day to day changes in out atmosphere |
| How does changing in weather happen | the mixing of the atmosphere |
| how is wind created | air always moves from high pressure to low pressure |
| air mass | air takes on the characteristics on the land that is it on top of |
| front | when two air masses meet, the weather changes due to the density and pressure differences in the air masses |
| what is less dense: warm air or cold air? | wait air is less dense than cold air, so when warm air meets cold air, it will tend to rise |
| what is more dense? | cold air, because it is more dense, pushes underneath the warm air |
| low pressure | rising air, typically results in storms and rain |
| high pressure | sinking air, typically results in clear skies |
| climate | the average weather over a long period of like (typically 30+ years) |
| how is a location's climate affected? | latitude, elevation, large bodies of water nearby, ocean currents and wind patterns |
| latitude | distance from the equator, closer to the equator = warmer |
| elevation | height above sea level, higher elevation = colder |
| large bodies of water nearby | especially the ocean, because water cools down and heats up slower than land, the ocean moderates the climate, creating cooler summers and warmer winters |
| ocean currents and wind patterns | warm ocean currents transport heat, and can cause some locations to be much warmer due to the currents |
| Why is the equator warm and the poles cold? | the equator experiences the direct rays of the sun for the whole year, and the poles experiences the sun at a low angle (or not at all) |
| climate change | humans are changing the climate of the earth by adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere |
| greenhouse gases | gases that trap Earth's heat, preventing it from escaping to space. Trapping more of Earth;s heat causes the temperature of the planet to rise |
| What are the most significant greenhouse gases | humans are adding carbon dioxide (other greenhouse gases include water vapor, methane, CFC's) |
| NOTE: | there is more water vapor in the atmosphere than CO2, but humans are not significantly changing the amount of water vapor. |
| what are some of the impacts of climate change when it becomes severe? | melting ice around the world, increasing temperatures around the earth, destroying ecosystems, changing precipitation patterns, increasing the rate of diseases, increasing forest fires |
| Melting ice around the world | causing the ocean's level to rise and flood cities |
| increasing temperatures around the earth | leading the drought and more heat related deaths |
| destroying ecosystems | especially in areas that are sensitive to changes in temperature, such as coral reefs, and arctic environments |
| changing precipitation patters | leading flood in some areas and droughts in others |
| increasing the rate of diseases | by helping more insects to breed and thawing soils that contain ancient diseases |
| increasing forest fires | as places become more dry |
| past climate change | the earth's climate has changed dramatically in the past |
| how are these changes caused? | massive volcanoes, impacts from asteroids, changes in the earth's orbit and most recently humans |
| ice ages | cold periods, when much more of the Earth was covered in glaciers |
| weathering | the breakdown of rock |
| types of weathering | chemical weathering, physical weathering |
| chemical weathering | uses chemical relations (such as acid rain) to break apart rock. chemical weathering happens faster in environments that are warmer and wetter |
| physical weathering/mechanical weathering | uses physical forces such as ice, pressure, or running water to break apart rock. Physical weather happens faster when there are large temperature swings (very hot to very cold) and where there is lots of wind and water |
| erosion | the movement of broken rock (usually small pieces) by for main "agents" |
| what are the four "agents" | wind water, ice, gravity |
| Deposition | the pieces of rock are dropped in a new locations, often forming a new land feature |
| example of deposition | deltas form as sediment carried by a river is dropped in the ocean. alluvial fams are formed if this happens on dry land |
| relative dating | finding out which rocks are older and which rocks are younger, without finding out exactly how old the rocks are |
| what is a undisturbed rock sequence | the oldest rocks are always at the bottom and the youngest rocks are always at the top |
Created by:
mihikul
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