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Science Quarterly 2

QuestionAnswer
hypothesis in science, an idea that can be tested by experimentation or investigation
mid-ocean ridge an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary under the ocean
sea-floor spreading process by which molten materials adds new ocean crust to the ocean floor
subduction process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
ocean trench an undersea valley that represents one of the deepest parts of the ocean
divergent boundary a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
convergent boundary a plate boundary where two plates move towards each other
transform boundary a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposition directions
theory in science, ideas that are supported by a vast, diverse array of evidence
stress a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
tension stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
compression stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
shearing stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement
fault a break in Earth's crust along which rocks move
earthquake the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
magnitude the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults
tsunami a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor
scale the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it; can be used for units of time or distance
volcano a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface
magma a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
lava liquid magma that reaches the surface
hot spot an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it
extinct term used to describe a volcano that is no longer active and unlikely to erupt again
dormant term used to describe a volcano that is not currently active but able to become active in the future
active full of activity or engaged in continuous activity
composite something made of a mixture of different parts or elements
igneous rock forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.
sedimentary rock forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
sediment small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or the remains of organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion
metamorphic rock forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
rock cycle a series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another.
source where something originates or comes from.
process a series of actions or operations leading toward a particular result.
apply to lay or spread on, to put into operation or effect
seismic wave vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
crust the layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface.
mantle the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
outer core a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth.
inner core a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth.
evidence support or proof of something; can be direct or indirect.
elements the smallest or most basic parts of something.
mineral a naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
crystal a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again.
crystallization the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure.
organic refers to a material that is living or comes from living things.
Created by: 30vanwinckela
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