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Unit 4- Ecology

7th Grade Unit 4- Ecology- Part 1

TermDefinition
Food Chains A single pathway in which energy and nutrients are passed from one living organism to another. Energy is used up as it moves and the arrow represents energy being transferred.
Food Webs A network of food chains by which energy and nutrients are passed on from one living organism to another with multiple pathways. The arrows represent energy being transferred and energy is greatest at the bottom of the food web.
Carnivore Organisms that eat only meat.
Omnivore Organisms that eat both plants and meat.
Producer Organisms that make their own food.
Primary Consumer Organisms that eat producers.
Organism A living thing that moves, eats, respires, grows, reproduces, and shows sensitivity to stimuli.
Herbivore Organisms that eat only plants.
Flow of Energy How energy moves through an ecosystem from the sun, to producers, to consumers, and on to the next consumer, and so on.
Terrestrial Ecosystem A group of abiotic and boitic factors that come together to form an ecosystem that is on land.
Decomposers Organisms that recycle dead organisms into chemical nutrients used in soil, air, and water.
Scavengers Organisms that eat bodies of dead organisms.
Secondary Consumer Organism that eats primary consumers.
Tertiary Consumer Organisms that eats secondary consumers.
Marine Ecosystem A group of abiotic and boitic factors that come together to form an ecosystem that is in salt water.
Freshwater Ecosystem A group of abiotic and boitic factors that come together to form an ecosystem that is in fresh water.
Photosynthesis The process where green plants absorb energy from the sun and combine it with water and carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen.
Consumers Organisms that get energy from eating other organisms.
Quaternary Consumers Carnivorous organisms that may eat primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Also known as an Apex Predator who is not naturally hunted by anything else in that ecosystem and is at the top trophic level of the energy pyramid.
Heterotrophs Organism that cannot make their own food, so they have to eat other things like plants or animals.
Autotroph Organism that makes its own food.
Joule Unit for Energy.
Conservation of Energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, Energy does not disappear, & Energy just transforms from one form into another.
Energy Transformation Conversion; The process of changing energy from one form to another.
Potential Energy Energy that is stored.
Kinetic Energy Energy that is in motion.
Radiant Energy KE Solar or Light Energy; Energy caused by the movement of electromagnetic waves.
Chemical Energy PE Energy stored in chemical substances.
Microhabitat A very small part of the environment that supports a distinct flora and fauna.
Flora The plants in an environment.
Fauna The animals in an environment.
Biodiversity Describes the variety of life across all levels of ecological organization.
Genetic Biodiversity Variation in genes that exists within a species.
Species Biodiversity The number of species and abundance of each species that live in a particular location.
Ecological Biodiversity The variety of ways that species interact with each other and their environment.
Ecosystem All of the living populations in an area along with the nonliving parts of that environment.
Sustainability Ability of an ecosystem to remain stable in regular and catastrophic conditions.
Pollution The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects.
Habitat The natural home or environment of an organism.
Microhabitat A very small part of the environment that supports a distinct flora and fauna.
Organism An individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form
Population A group of individuals of the same species inhabiting the same area.
Community An interacting group of various species in a common location
Predator An animal that naturally preys on others
Prey An animal that is hunted and killed by another for food.
Host An animal or plant on or in which a parasite lives.
Parasite An organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host’s expense.
Ecology the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
Energy Pyramid model that shows the flow of energy from one trophic, or feeding, level to the next in an ecosystem.
Mutualism Symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved
Biotic Living factor in an ecosystem
Abiotic Non-living factor in an ecosystem
Created by: PGM 7 SCI
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