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AP Psych: Mod 23-25

Meyers Unit 5

TermDefinition
consciousness our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
circadian rhythm the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
REM sleep rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
alpha waves the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
sleep periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.
hallucinations false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
sleep spindles bursts of rapid or rhythmic brain wave activity.
delta waves the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
NREM sleep non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.
free radicals molecules that are toxic to neurons typically found in bats.
suprachiasmatic nucleus a pair of cells clustered in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness. BIOLOGICAL CLOCK!
Five Sleep Theories 1. Sleep protects, 2. Helps us recuperate, 3. Restores and rebuilds fading memories of the daily experience, 4. Feeds creative thinking, 5. Supports growth
Sleep deprivation increases... ghrelin-a hunger arousing hormone, and decreases its hunger suppressor-leptin.
insomnia recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
narcolepsy a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune and inappropriate times.
sleep apnea a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
night terrors a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.
dreams sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.
manifest content according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).
latent content according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).
Freuds 5 Theories 1. To satisfy our own wishes, 2. To file away memories, 3. To develop and preserve neural pathways, 4. To make sense of neural static, 5. To reflect cognitive development.
REM rebound the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).
dissociation a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
substance abuse disorder continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruptions and/or physical risks.
psychoactive drugs chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.
tolerance the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. Also called neuroadaptation.
neuroadaptation the change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug.
withdrawal the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.
addiction compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences. A physiological or psychological dependence on a drug.
3 types of psychoactive drugs depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.
depressants Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
alcohol use disorder alcoholism, alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and drive to continue problematic use.
barbiturates drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.
opiates opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. If usage continues the brain will eventually stop producing endorphines.
stimulants drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
amphetamines drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
nicotine a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.
cocaine a powerful and addictive stimulus, derived from the coca plant, producing temporarily increased alternes and euphoria.
methamphetamines a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. Can last up to 8 hours.
ecstasy a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. Began as a club-drug, has "I love everyone response".
hallucinogen psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
LSD a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).
near-death experience an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.
THC the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.
synthetic marijuana also known as K-2 or Spice, VERY harmful side effects like extreme agitation and hallucinations. VERY ILLEGAL.
stage 1 sleep theta waves
stage 3 (most restorative) and stage 4 delta waves
What stage is preferred to be woken up in? stage 1 or REM because it is closer to the feelings of being awake.
How many cycles is ideal? 4-6 cycles.
hypnagogic a form of hallucinating in NREM-1 sleep, that is characterized by a feeling of sudden falling or a jerk.
agonist MIMICS, same impact of what it mimics.
antagonist BLOCKS, prevents neurotransmitters and shuts it down.
Created by: kqunell
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