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nervous system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sensory input | any electrical impulse sent from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue or skin to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) |
| integration | information from the sensory organs is interpreted motor output: the response generated from the interpretation of sensory input. |
| Voluntary movement | skeletal muscle |
| Involuntary movement | cardiac & smooth muscle |
| CNS function | Coordinates all activities of the body by receiving and transmitting messages throughout the body |
| Right side | controls the left side of body, music/art (creativity) ,intuition, emotions, face recognition, subjectivity |
| Left side | controls the right side of body, numbers/math/scientific skills, language, logic/reasoning, objectivity |
| PNS function | Receives and transmits messages to and from all parts of the body |
| PNS | all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| occipital lobe | eyesight/vision |
| temporal lobe | smell and hearing, language, factual and visual memory frontal lobe - controls movement, personality and emotion, problem solving, and speech |
| parietal lobe | receives and interprets sensory impulses to touch, pain, pressure, and temp |
| cerebrum | judgment, memory, association & critical thinking, highest levels of thought (lobes of the brain) |
| diencephalon | posterior part of the forebrain with three endocrine glands |
| thalamus | sensory “traffic director” |
| hypothalamus | controls HR, BP, body temp, hormones, hunger, thirst, digestion |
| pineal | circadian rhythm |
| Brain stem includes | pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata |
| Spinal cord function | transmits nerve impulses between the brain, limbs, and lower part of the body |
| What protects the spinal cord | CSF and spinal column |
| what is white matter | made of nerve fibers |
| what is gray matter | made of cell bodies |
| nerves function | Receives and transmits messages to and from all parts of the body |
| Neuron | basic cell of the nervous system (nerve cell) |
| Afferent | sensory nerves(example: touching a hot object is sensed by the brain as hot to the touch) |
| Efferent | motor nerves(example: your hands pull away from the hot cup once touched) |
| somatic | have physical signs and symptoms(fatigue, dizziness, pain) |
| Aneurysm | localized dilation of a blood vessel, usually occurring in an artery |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (AMS) | muscular weakness and atrophy with involuntary contractions and excessive reflexes; caused by the degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord & brain |
| Syncope | fainting, temporary LOC due to inadequate blood flow to the brain. |
| Cerebral Palsy | affects a person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture; caused by brain damage or abnormal brain development that happens before birth or early in life |
| Guillain Barre | polyneuritis; progressive muscle weakness that could lead to paralysis |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | chronic, slow progressive disease of CNS marked by demyelination of glial patches called plaques |
| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | mini stroke; brief stoppage of blood flow to brain. warning sign of a CVA(stroke) |
| Stroke(CVA) | death of brain tissue to loss of blood flow; arterial blockage(ischemic stroke) or arterial rupture(hemorrhagic stroke) |
| Bell’s Palsy | unilateral paralysis of the nerves that control the facial muscles |
| Migraine | intense headache that produces pain to one area of the head |
| Concussion(TBI) | is caused by a violent blow or shaking to the head |
| Paralysis | temporary or permanent loss of voluntary movement |
| Paraplegia | loss of voluntary movement in the lower half of the body including both legs, often result of spinal cord injury |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of all four limbs |
| Hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body |
| Paresthesia | sensation of numbness, prickling or tingling, usually in the upper or lower extremities; caused by irritation of, or injury to sensory nerves or nerve roots |
| Spina Bifida | ”split spine”; congenital defect; part of the membrane covering the spinal cord protrudes through a gap in the spine |
| Hydrocephalus | accumulation of excess CSF inside the ventricles of the brain; results in cephalomegaly; brain damage |
| Shingles | painful rash along peripheral nerve tracts, caused by varicella zoster virus(VZV) |
| Coma | state of extended unconsciousness caused by medical event such as TBI, CVA, diabetes, or infection |
| Seizure | disruption of electrical activity in the brain that produces physical and mental changes; convulsions, sensory disturbance, LOC |
| Aura | subjective sensation often occurring just before a migraine or seizure, flashing lights, numbness, tingling or peculiar odors |
| Epilepsy | neural cells become disrupted, causing seizures, limb twitching, and LOC |
| Grand Mal Seizure | also known as tonic-clonic seizures) severe and violent muscle movements |
| Petit Mal Seizure | (absence epilepsy) sudden, temporary loss of consciousness, lasting only a few seconds; seizures are very mild, no convulsion movements |
| Focal Seizure | (also known as a partial seizure) limb jerking, facial twitching, hallucinations, blushing of skin |
| Dementia | group of symptoms that interfere with memory and affect daily life |
| Amnesia | disturbance in the memory marked by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences |
| Delirium | mental confusion and agitation; hallucinations and illusions possible |
| Meningitis | inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord |
| Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) | degenerative changes in the brain structure that lead to dementia; progressive memory loss, impaired cognition, and personality changes, gait changes |
| Parkinson’s Disease (PD) | chronic, degenerative CNS disorder; characterized by fine muscle tremors, mask like facial expression, and a shuffling gait |
| Tetanus (lockjaw) | infection caused by bacteria found in the environment that affects nerve conduction(not spread person to person), can be prevented with vaccine |
| Panic Disorder | sudden recurring attacks of intense anxiety and fear |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) | irrational thoughts and fears causing one to perform repetitive actions(excessive washing, heart palpitations, chest pain, tremors, nausea) |
| Phobia | exaggerated fear of a specific object or situation that causes anxiety and panic |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | characterized by excessive worry that is not restricted to specific situations or objects( heart palpitations, chest pain, tremors, sweating, nausea, headaches) |
| Developmental Disorders | characterized by disruption of normal childhood development |
| Dyslexia | learning disorder that makes it difficult to recognize and comprehend written language |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | mental disorder where person is easily distracted, hyperactive, and has a lack of impulse control |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | disability with difficult communicating with others, inability to maintain eye contact, repetitive behavior, preoccupation with objects |
| Intellectual Disorder (ID) | below average intelligence that causes one to be unable to develop skills necessary for daily living on their own |
| Bipolar (Manic Depressive Disorder) | Alternating periods of depression (emotional low) and mania (emotional high) |
| Depression | Persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness and lack of interest |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | form of depression that occurs during fall and winter as a result of less exposure to the sun |
| Psychotic Disorders | group of mental conditions characterized by loss of touch with reality, hallucinations, delusions |
| Postpartum Psychosis | rare condition that develops a week after childbirth |
| Eating Disorders | unhealthy focus on food and weight |
| Anorexia Nervosa | significantly underweight, eats little food/few calories, starves themself |
| Bulimia Nervosa | consists of binging and purging |
| Physician Anesthesiologist | doctor who administers general anesthesia |
| Electroneurodiagnostic Technologist | uses specialized diagnostic equipment to monitor a patient’s nervous system |
| Neurosurgeon | A physician who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of the nervous system |
Created by:
rr3ynolds
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