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HEREDITY VOCAB

QuestionAnswer
allele one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
homozygous describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes
heterozygous describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait
genome the complete genetic material contained in an individual
genotype the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
phenotype an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment
dominant describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes
recessive describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
punnett square a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross
monohybrid cross a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits
testcross the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
dihybrid cross a cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
law of independent assortment the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
probability the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event
crossing-over the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination
genetic linkage tendency for genes located close together on the same chromosomes to be inherited together
Created by: savyisdabest
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