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PSY 111 Exam 1
PSY 111 Exam 1-Miami University
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sigmund Freud | Psychoanalysis: understanding the unconscious mind was absolutely critical to understand conscious behavior |
| Gestalt Psychology | a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts; takes a holistic view of an individual and his experiences. ~Wertheimer, Koffka, and Köhler |
| Behaviorism | the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only ~John Watson Operant Conditioning: a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher ~B.F. Skinner |
| Humanism | An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements ~Maslow & Rogers |
| Subdivisions of Psychology | -Biological Psychology (animal behavior/neuroscience) -Developmental Psychology (Infancy, Adolescence, Lifespan) -Cognitive Psychology -Social Psychology -Industrial/Organizational Psychology -Clinical Psychology |
| parts of the nervous system | central nervous system(brain & spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system(somatic & autonomic) |
| imaging techniques | PET, CT, MRI, FMRI, EEG images used to see/show inside the body, brain activity, soft tissue |
| endocrine system | Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. |
| parts of the endocrine system and function | pituitary, thyroid, adrenal,pancreas, gonads(ovaries/testes) |
| Wilhelm Wundt | -Structuralism: our cognitive experience was best understood by breaking that experience into its component parts. -introspection: A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings |
| William James | Functionalism: understanding how our mental activities help us survive and thrive in the world. |
| Genes | sequences of DNA that code for a particular trait |
| Alleles | Different versions of a gene |
| What are the two types of cells that make up the nervous system? Explain both. | 1. glia: cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons 2. neurons: nerve cells |
| How is the Neuron built like/what parts make it up? | cell body, dendrites, axon |
| neuronal communication | includes electrical signal (action potential) along the axon and chemical transmission via neurotransmitter release at the synapse |
| psychological disorders involve imbalances in... | a given neurotransmitter system. Therefore, psychotropic drugs are prescribed in an attempt to bring the neurotransmitters back into balance. |
| what are psychotropic drugs? What can they act as? | -Medications that control, or at least moderate, the manifestations of some mental disorders. -Drugs can act either as agonists or as antagonists for a given neurotransmitter system. |
| Agonist | drug that mimics or strengthens the effects of a neurotransmitter |
| Antagonist | drug that blocks or impedes the normal activity of a given neurotransmitter |
| Different lobes of the brain | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital |
| Parts of the brain & function of each/what they contain | hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain |
| somatic nervous system | transmits sensory and motor signals to and from the central nervous system. |
| What is the autonomic nervous system? What can it be divided into? | The autonomic nervous system controls the function of our organs and glands, and can be divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. |
| What's Sympathetic activation | prepares us for fight or flight, while parasympathetic activation is associated with normal functioning under relaxed conditions. |
| Frontal lobe | speaking, muscle movements, plans & judgements |
| temporal lobe | auditory areas |
| Parietal Lobes | includes sensory input (touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain) |
| Occipital Lobes | visual areas, receives visual information from the opposite fields |
| Forebrain is made up of | cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus |
| Hind brain is made up of | pons, cerebellum and medulla. |
| The midbrain is located | between the thalamus of the forebrain and pons of the hindbrain |
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