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Benchmark II Review8

TermDefinition
Rotation The spinning of an object on its axis.
Axis An imaginary line that goes through the North Pole and the South Pole
Revolution The movement of one object around another object
Tilted Not straight up. Slightly slanted . Earth has seasons because its axis is tilted.
When a hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, it experiences more sunlight hours resulting in what season? Summer
When a hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, it experiences less daylight hours resuling in what season? Winter
seasons The TILT of Earth's axis and REVOLUTION causes Seasons.
Southern Hemisphere The hemisphere south of the Equator.
Northern Hemisphere The hemisphere north of the Equator.
Spring / Fall When the length of day equals the length of night. Neither hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun. 12 hrs day and 12 hrs night
23.5 degrees The degree Earth is tilted at.
Equator The imaginary line that cuts the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres
Summer Solstice (1st day of Summer) Longest day of the year and Shortest night of the year
Winter Soltice (1st day of Winter) Shortest day of the year and Longest night of the year
Fall Equinox (equal=12 hrs day and 12 hrs night) September 21st
Spring Equinox (equal=12hrs day and 12 hrs night) March 21st
Moon Phase One of the shapes the moon seems to have as it orbits earth
When the earth is between the moon and sun, you see a Full moon
When the moon is between the earth and the sun, you can not see the moon at all New Moon
The cycle of phases of the moon takes 29 and 1/2 days or almost one month
The moon appears red during this eclipse, because gases in the Earth's atmosphere bend red light Lunar eclipse
The moon casts a shadow on Earth Solar eclipse
The moon covers all of the sun Total solar eclipse
Another name for the first and third quarters of the moon "half moon"
After a new moon, the sunlit portion is increasing, but less than half Waxing crescent
After the first quarter, the sunlit portion is still increasing but its more than half Waxing gibbous
After the full moon, light continue to decrease Waning gibbous
After the third quarter, wanes until the light is gone Waning crescent
The phase does not illuminate New moon
The phase where the moon is less than half illuminated Crescent
The phase where the moon is more than half illuminated Gibbous
growing or expanding in illumination Waxing
shrinking or decreasing in illumination Waninng
After the waning crescent phase, what is the name phase? New moon
Daily changes in the level of ocean water. Tides.
The difference between the levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide. Tidal Ranges.
Tides that have the largest daily tidal range. Spring Tides.
Tides that have the smallest daily tidal range. Neap Tides.
During a spring tide, the sun, moon, and Earth ate in a ______ ____. Straight line.
during a neap tide, the sun, moon, and Earth form a ___ _______. 90 degree angle.
Tides on Earth are caused by ____. Moon.
During a ______ tide the water level is higher than average. High.
Fossils Preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organism from the remote past
Sedimentary Rocks Formed in layers by the deposition of weathered rocks
Trace Fossil Provides indirect evidence of life in the past rather than the body of the animal itself.
Index Fossil Special fossils called “index fossils” indicate to geologists the boundaries in geological time.
Cast Organism dies and the cavity fills with minerals, maybe sand or clay
Molds Organism dies and there is no filling of the cavity with minerals
Relative Age Index fossils are used to correlate the age of the rock strata.
Absolute Age Uses the decay of radioactive elements to find the absolute age of a rock or fossil
Fossil Record By using relative and absolute dating scientists are able to put together the Earth’s geologic history.
Permineralization The original material is preserved rather than replaced.
Petrification Result in organic material converting into stone or a similar substance
Carbonization This leaves a carbon film on the sedimentary rock.
Law of Superposition Geologists assume the newest rock layers are on top of the older ones, unless some type of disturbance occurs.
Tar An animal can become trapped in tar and the whole body can be preserved.
Where are Fossils found? Found in Sedimentary Rock layers
Ice Freezing can also trap whole animals. Mammoth’s bodies have been found with skin, hair and even organs.
Geologic Time Scale -A chronological representation of Earth's geologic history going back 4.6 billion years until present day
Fossil Record -History of life as documented by fossils -tells us when organisms live and how they changed over millions of years & and a clue to the environment -Recorded on the Geologic Time Scale
Amber Hardened tree sap
Created by: lsabs
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