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Benchmark II Review7
Term | Definition |
---|---|
What has the smallest particle of matter that displays the properties of an element? | an atom |
What has a pure substance, made up of only 1 kind of atom - it cannot be broken down into simper substances by ordinary means? | an element |
What is the center of the atom which contains protons and etrons - has a positive change? | nucleus |
__________-the number of protons (electrons) in an atom - it is used to identify an element | atomic number |
__________-the mass of the nucleus - it is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons | atomic mass |
horizontal row of elements on the periodic table are called | periods |
vertical columns of elements on the periodic table are called | groups |
subatomic particle with positive charge | proton |
subatomic particle with negative charge | electron |
subatomic particle with no charge | neutron |
location of electrons | electron cloud |
the number of protons | atomic number |
the sum of protons and neutrons | atomic mass number |
are mostly solids, shiny, malleable and good conductors of heat and electricity | metals |
are mostly gases, dull, brittle and poor conductors of heat and electricity | non-metals |
have properties of metal and non-metals | metalloids |
arrangement of elements on current periodic table | increasing atomic number |
organism | a living thing |
cell | the basic unit of living things that is self-sufficient |
unicellular | Made of a single cell |
multi-cellular | consisting of many cells |
sensitivity | responding to your environmental surroundings |
autotrophs | an organism that makes its own food (producer) |
heterotrophs | an organism that consumer energy from different sources (consumers) |
homeostasis | the maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism. |
growth | the process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex (mature) organism |
ingestion | the ability to take in substances within the environment for energy |
movement (physical and chemical) | physically moving from place to place (physical) or the ability to move substances from one part of the body to another (chemical) |
respiration | the ability to exchange gases with the environment |
excretion | the removal of waste from the body. |
reproduction | to produce more of your species |
living things | have cells and undergo life functions |
nonliving things | do NOT contain cells; went through a process that has altered them; do NOT perform life functions |
dead | once living and no longer able to perform life functions |
natural resources | found on Earth naturally; innately on Earth; water, sunlight |
synthetic material | most created from natural resources; materials are manufactured; glass, plastic |
chemical reaction | A process in which atoms of one or more substances rearrange to form one or more new substances. |
chemical equation | A description of a reaction using element symbols and chemical formulas. |
reactants | The starting substances produced by the chemical reaction. |
products | The substances produced by the chemical reaction. |
law of conservation of mass | States that the total mass of the reactants before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of the products after the chemical reaction. |
coefficient | A number placed in front of an element symbol or chemical formula in an equation. |
endothermic reaction | Chemical reactions that absorb thermal energy. |
exothermic reaction | Chemical reaction that releases thermal energy. |
What happens during a chemical change? | A NEW substance is produced with new properties. |
what happens during a physical change? | The original substance still exists but physically is changed in form or appearance. |
Precipitate | a solid formed from a liquid during a chemical reaction |