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What element are present in carbohydrates?
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Carbohydrates incluse what?
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A & P Chapter 2 Pt B
A & P Chapter 2 Part B - Organic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What element are present in carbohydrates? | Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen |
| Carbohydrates incluse what? | Sugars, glycogen, starches, cellulose |
| What are the three majior groups that carbohydrates are divided into? | 1 - Monosaccharides; 2 - Disaccharides; 3 - Polysaccharides |
| What is another term for monosaccharides & Disaccharides? | Simple sugars |
| What is another term for polysaccharides? | complex carbohydrates |
| How is a disaccharide formed? | Two monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond, a molecule of water is formed & removed |
| What is the reaction called when a water is formed and removed? | Dehydration synthesis |
| What is the main polysaccharide in the body? | glycogen |
| What glycogan made of? | Glucose units joined together in braching chains |
| Where is glycogen stored? | In the liver and skeletal muscles |
| What happens to glycogen when energy demands are high? | It is broken down into glucose |
| Describe starches - | They are polysaccharides made of glucose units made by plants |
| Where does cellulose come from? | It is a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls (Human canot digest it; it is roughage or fiber for digestion) |
| What is a difference between simple sugars(monoaccharides) and polysaccharides? | Polysaccharides are not soluble in water and do not taste sweet |
| Define hydrophobic - | Insoluble in water |
| Name the different lipid families - | Triglycerides (fats & oils); Phospholipids (lipids that contain phosphorus); steroids (Hormon based from cholesterol); Fatty acids; & fat-soluble vitamins (Vitamin A, D, E, & K) |
| Describe triglycerides - | Body's most highly concentrated form of chemical energy |
| Where are triglycerides stored? | In the adipose tissue |
| What forms the backbone of a triglyceride? | A three-carbon glycerol molecule |
| Define saturated fat - | Mainly triglycerides, they contain only single convalent bonds between fatty acid caron atoms and are saturated with hydrogen |
| Define monounsaturated fats - | Contains fatty acids with one double covalent bond between 2 fatty acid carbon atoms and are not completed saturated in hydrogen atoms |
| Define polyunsaturated fats - | Contain more than one double covalent bond between fatty acid carbon atoms |
| Define essential fatty acids (EFAs) - | Fatty acids that are essential to human health, but are not made by the human body. (Must be gotten from food) |
| What is the structure of steroids? | Four rings of carbon atoms |
| Define amino acids - | Building blocks of proteins |
| Define peptide bonds - | covalent bonds that join amino acids together |
| Define catalysts - | Enzymes that can speed up chemical reactions without themselves being altered |
| What are the two kinds of nucleic acids? | DNA & RNA |
| What are the four bases of DNA? | Adenine (A); Thymine (T); Cytosine (C); Guanine (G) |
| The DNA rung, adenine always pairs with what? | Thymine |
| The DNA rung, cytosine always pairs with what? | Guanine |
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